近年來，危及人類生命、經濟和環境的火災數量顯著增加。對於老舊建築，由於觸發火災警報所需的煙霧濃度閾值或紅外探測溫度較高，響應時間較長(超過100秒)，火災預警和預防效果並不理想。為了有效監測和預警火災，本研究提出了一種新型火災報警系統，結合了高度可撓的自供電熱感測器(FSTS)以及警示燈，FSTS具有阻燃性並且非常易於安裝。本文的新穎之處在於 FSTS 的層次結構：結合通過近場靜電紡織(NFES)工藝沉積的聚偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯(PVDF-TrFE)微/奈米纖維(MNF)和通過聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS)翻模製成的靜電摩擦層，及封裝的石墨烯改質膨脹型阻燃(GIFR)塗料。FSTS的電壓輸出達到11.8V，可以搭配橋式整流電路給電容充電；在室溫下，FSTS是電絕緣的，在火災中，高溫導致塗層炭化並膨脹，從電絕緣狀態轉變為導電狀態，連接到FSTS的警示燈將在短時間內(~3 秒)做出響應，達成火災預警。;The number of fire events that risk human life, the economy, and the environment has significantly increased in recent years. Uncontrolled fires are one of the main causes of building collapse. For old structures, due to the high smoke concentration threshold or infrared detection temperature required to activate the fire detector, the response time is long (more than 100 s), and the fire warning and prevention effect are not ideal. For effective monitoring and early warning of fires, a novel fire alarm system was fabricated in this study. This system combines a highly flexible and self-powered thermal sensor (FSTS) as well as a commercial light emitting diode (LED). FSTS is fire retardant and very easy to install. The novelty of this paper is the hierarchical structure of FSTS. The structure integrates poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) micro/nano fibers (MNFs) deposited by Near-field electrospinning (NFES) process and an electrostatic friction layer by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rolling over technology with a fully encapsulated graphene-modified intumescent flame retardant (GIFR) coating. It can be as a motion-induced energy harvester with a self-powered fire alarm system. The voltage output of FSTS reaches 11.8V, which can be easily matched with a bridge rectifier circuit to charge capacitors in daily life. The unique of FSTS is that at room temperature, FSTS is electrically insulating; however, it conducts electricity at high temperatures. In a fire, high temperatures cause the coating to char and expand transitioning from an electrically insulating state to a conducting state. In this way, warning lights connected to FSTS will respond within a short period (~3 s), alerting people immediately so that urgent action can be taken.
