營造業缺工的問題由來已久，幾已變成常態性之現象，政府為協助解決營造業缺工之問題，已陸續推出多項的政策。水電環控工程屬整體營建工程下之一環，同樣遭遇到缺工嚴重的困擾。本研究以水電環控工程缺工問題為主軸，透過問卷調查分析水電環控缺工的狀況，以及可能的解決方式，本研究希望透過相關數據之分析以了解水電環控工程其缺工之成因，作為後續改善缺工問題之參考。本研究利用Google表單製作題目共計18題之問卷，詢問對象為統包工程承攬廠商(工程承攬範圍包含水電環控工程)及水電環控工程相關之專業施工廠商。利用回收的問卷進行分析可以發現，水電環控工程承商大多數為小型廠商(可以出工數不超過40個人)，有高達89.9%的廠商認為未來三年會缺工，而解決缺工主要的長期作法乃是引進外籍移工與自行培養本籍勞工，短期作法包含要求工人加班等常見的行為。整體而言，本研究問卷調查所獲得之廠商對於改善缺工環境所提之意見可供相關單位參考，例如加速擴大引進外籍技術性移工以滿足短期內技術工不足之缺口；鼓勵廠商發展營建自動化及模組化預製技術以減少人力需求；推廣產業界及技職學校間之產學合作以培養工程產業所需之技術人力；透過職訓單位經由職業訓練培訓及提升技術人員之能力。本研究認為，唯有從增加技術工之養成來源及減少產業界對技術人力之依賴二大面向加以著手，方能從根本上解決營建業及其下之水電環控工程業之缺工問題。;The problem of labor shortage in the construction industry has been met for a long time, and it has almost become a normal phenomenon. To help solve the problem of labor shortage in the construction industry, the government has successively introduced some responding policies. The project of the utilities, HVAC systems and fire prevention systems (termed as UHF project hereinafter) is a part of a construction project, and it also suffers from serious labor shortages. This research focuses on the problem of labor shortages in UHF project, and analyzes the situation of labor shortage in it through a questionnaire survey, as well as possible solutions. This research targets on identifying the causes of labor shortages in UHF project through the analysis of relevant data, and providing research outcomes to be a useful reference for subsequent improvement of labor shortage problems. This research uses Google Forms to create a questionnaire with a total of 18 questions, and then distributes to turnkey project contractors and professional construction manufacturers related to UHF project. Through the analysis of the collected questionnaires, it can be found that most of the professional construction manufacturers of UHF project are small contractors (the number of workers who can work is no more than 40), and 89.9% of the respondents believe that there will be a labor shortage in the next three years. The major responses for solving labor shortage problem in long-term and short-term are to introduce foreign labors and train native labors on their own, and to have workers working overtime, respectively. This research has identifies the measures replied to the problem of labor shortages, including accelerating new foreign technical personnel to meet the short-term shortage of skilled workers; encouraging manufacturers to develop construction automation and modular prefabrication technologies to reduce manpower requirements; promoting industry-university cooperation between the industry and technical and vocational schools to cultivate the technical manpower required by the construction industry; training and improving the ability of technical personnel through vocational training units. This research believes that only by increasing the source of skilled workers and reducing the industry′s dependence on skilled manpower can fundamentally solve the problem of labor shortages in the construction industry and in the UHF project sector.
