2015年跟2023年，憲法法庭分別對《祭祀公業條例》的派下員相關條文做出判決，特別是民國112年憲判字第1號「祭祀公業派下員資格案」判決，宣判祭祀公業部分條例違反憲法第7條平等原則，無規約公業之女系子孫未來得請求列為派下員。本研究將以深度訪談法與文獻分析法，探討兩次憲法法庭的判決對客家祭祀公業的衝擊與影響，以及男女繼承派下員對此的回應與行動。本計畫有兩個主要研究目的：第一、調查與蒐集客家祭祀公業最新對派下員的相關規定，分析其與《祭祀公業條例》相關規定的關係，釐清客家祭祀公業對派下員性別平權的執行現況。第二、探討客家祭祀公業如何回應兩次憲法法庭的判決，以及宗族男性與女性派下員採取了哪些行動，如何在捍衛傳統宗祧繼承與憲法平等原則之間取得平衡。本研究預定以一年的工作期程，進行客庄中有規約與無規約祭祀公業的田野調查，訪談祭祀公業管理人與不同性別的宗祧繼承成員，分析其對私法自治、憲法原則與性別平權之間的行動。在理論層面，本研究將進行國家法律、客家族群與性別研究的交織對話，探討族群與性別之間複雜的動態關係。 ;In 2015 and 2023, the Constitutional Court of Taiwan respectively rendered rulings on the membership provisions of the "Act for Ancestor Worship Guild." In particular, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China, in its Judgment No. 1 of the 112th year, found that certain provisions of the Act for Ancestor Worship Guild were in violation of the constitutional principle of equality under Article 7. This study will adopt a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and document analysis, to examine the impacts and responses of the Hakka Ancestor Worship Guilds to the two constitutional court rulings, as well as the actions taken by male and female heirs regarding the inheritance of the guild membership. This project has two primary research objectives: first, to investigate and collect the latest regulations regarding membership qualifications in the Hakka Ancestor Worship Guilds, analyze their relationship with the Act for Ancestor Worship Guild, and clarify the current state of gender equality in membership practices within the Hakka Ancestor Worship Guilds. Secondly, to investigate how the Hakka Ancestor Worship Guilds respond to the two judgments rendered by the Constitutional Court. This study also aims to examine the actions taken by male and female members of the lineage to strike a balance between upholding traditional lineage inheritance practices and adhering to constitutional principles of equality. This study is designed to conduct a one-year field investigation of the ancestor worship guilds with and without regulations in Hakka settlements. Interviews will be conducted with representatives of the ancestor worship guilds and lineage inheritors of different genders to analyze their actions with regard to private autonomy, constitutional principles, and gender equality. Academically, this study will engage in a theoretical dialogue on the intersectionality of national law, Hakka ethnicity, and gender, in order to examine the complex and dynamic relationship between ethnicity and gender.
