| 摘要: | 水庫兼具防洪及供水功能，為供應民生、農業及工業用水，需要長年蓄滿水量。水壩設施包含土建結構物、機電設施及通訊設備…等諸多方面，維護水壩安全為管理單位之重要工作，為確認各設施功能及完整性，需要經常性檢查維護，閘門設施如果故障，恐導致下游段發生水位暴漲或淹水問題，未即時警告或疏散河道民眾，極易危害民眾生命財產安全。除此之外，水壩主體裂縫或滲水未即時發現維修改善、恐有潰壩的危險。在設施檢查的過程中，需要不同單位相互配合。如何在有限的時間內進行相關設施的檢查及維護，以高效率及精確的進行人力指派，亦同時兼顧人員指派的公平性等問題，則為一重要課題。
本研究以北部某水庫為研究背景，水庫各項設施繁多，故本次僅就需潛水檢查作業項目進行人力指派最佳化之分析探討，因其涉及「異常氣壓危害預防標準」，在排班上需更加注意準確性及公平性。藉由有關公平性人力指派最佳化之相關文獻為基礎，建構數學模型及0、1整數規劃進行電腦運算最佳化人力指派結果，依據其結果與傳統經驗人力指派方式比較分析，並透過敏感度方案的分析，減少人為排班造成之偏差或導致不公平性，本研究結果可供決策者作為後續人力指派之參考，以期可達成該行業在人力指派方面的改善及精進。
;Reservoirs have the functions of flood control and water supply. They have to be at their full capacity for enough water for daily necessity, agricultural and industrial needs. It is important to keep a reservoir safe, which requires periodical inspections and maintenance works to ensure the functionality and integrity of all facilities. Reservoir facilities include civil structures, mechanical and electrical facilities, communications equipment, and many more. For example, a faulty gate could lead to water level surge or flooding at downstream, which is life-threatening if downstream people are not warned or evacuated in time. In addition, the reservoir may collapse if cracks or water seepage in the dam body are not found and repaired in time. The cooperation across multiple departments is required during facility inspection. It is an important topic as how to perform facility inspections and maintenance within a limited timeframe with highly efficient and accurate manpower assignment while paying attention to the inherent labor imbalance across departments.
A reservoir in Northern Taiwan was selected as the subject of study. Considering the multitude of reservoir facilities, this study was designed around the optimized manpower assignment for diving, since it involves the “Standards for Prevention of Abnormal Air Pressure Hazards” and requires accuracy and fairness in crew scheduling. By discussing the construction of mathematical models and 0, 1 integer programming, the optimal manpower assignment results of computer calculations were compared with the traditional empirical manpower assignment methods, and an inductive analysis was conducted on how to efficiently allocate and dispatch divers in the specified work period and items, in order to achieve the optimization of manpower assignment, reduce the deviation or unfairness caused by manmade scheduling from affecting the mood of divers when they are on duty, and then affecting work efficiency or causing occupational accidents due to work-related negligence. The result could be useful for decision makers in their manpower assignment and, hopefully, help the improvement and refinement of manpower assignment in this business. |
