朱子「知言養氣」詮釋與義理流衍

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Title:	朱子「知言養氣」詮釋與義理流衍
Authors:	余若瀾;Yu, Ruo-Lan
Contributors:	中國文學系
Keywords:	知言養氣;孟子;朱熹;二程;Understanding Words and Cultivate Qi;Mencius;Zhu Xi;Keywords：Understanding Wordsand Cultivate Qi, Mencius, Zhu Xi, Cheng Brothers
Date:	2023-07-12
Issue Date:	2024-09-19 14:38:26 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	知言養氣是孟子學的重要議題，在學術史上發展出豐富的儒學思想與文學理論，並且作為孟子精神的重要內容，對於孟子歷史形象的構造有重要作用，深刻影響中華民族的精神特質。本文通過思想史與儒學義理兩個方向對於朱子知言養氣章的詮釋加以考察。一方面證明朱子的學術思想對孟子學興起的重要作用，一方面討論朱子經典詮釋的深意與義理形態的價值，以回應古今學者對朱子的討論。文章回顧了知言養氣逐漸被重視的思想史歷程，其中韓愈道統觀中孔-曾-思-孟四子之傳、聖人可學、學由孟子、學孟子而自得、聖人之傳在養心等觀念為宋代知言養氣被重視奠定基礎。回顧宋儒諸說，朱子亦是在養氣是為了養心的學術氛圍中，此為朱子與時代之同。但朱子的詮釋與宋儒又多有不同，這是因為朱子對於時代問題有著深刻的反省，見於朱子對《孟子》與其他儒家經典的關係、知言養氣章中對勿忘勿助、配義與道、志至氣次的解釋。他經歷了從學延平-中和舊說-中和新說-晚年定論四期變化，最終說出浩然之氣何以對道義有助的新論。此一理論對經歷後儒的推衍與批評傳播極廣，對於回應當擔學者對朱子心與理為二，缺乏道德動力等問題皆能夠有所補充，更說出另一種孟子本具的義理形態。;「Understand Words and Cultivate Qi」is an important issue by Mencius Study since Song Dynasty ,it developed numberous Confucian theories and Literary theories in the academic history,and build the model image of Mencius,whitch affect the spiritual characteristics of Chinese culture.This paper explored Zhu Xi′s interpretation two directions : Academic history and Philosophy.On the one hand, it proves that Zhu Zi′s development plays an important role in the rise of Mencius. On the other hand, it discusses the value of Zhu Xi′s classical interpretation , so as to respond to the discussions on Zhu Xi. This paper reviews the history of 「Understand Words and Cultivate Qi」,this topic became more and more important since Tang Dynasty.Expecially Han Yu′s view of Taoism build the foundation of Song study,such as the inheritance of Confucius-ZengZi-ZiSi-Mencius,people can learned to be sage,learn from Mencius by oneself,learn to keep mind and so on.So in the view of keep mind ,Zhu Xi is similar to the other. However,as a eminent philosopher, Zhu Xi′s interpretation is different from other Confucians of the Song Dynasty at the same time. Which can be seen in Zhu Zi′s explanations on the relationship between Mencius and other Confucian classics, on "Don′t forget, don′t help", on "matching Qi with Yi and Tao", these interpretations of 「Understand Words and Cultivate Qi」.He went through four stages of change:learn from Yanping,the old theory of 「Centrality and Harmony(zhonghe)」, the new theory of 「Centrality and Harmony(zhonghe)」, to the final conclusion of his old age, and finally spoke out the new theory of how moral Qi is helpful to Tao.This theory spread widely and spark discussions,including developmet and criticism. It can complement the problems such as Zhu Xi′s separated Li and mind ,and his theory is lack of moral motivation.At the same time,this interpretation speak out another form of Mencius′ theory.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Chinese Literature] Electronic Thesis & Dissertation

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