| 摘要: | 台灣位處環太平洋地震帶，每年平均發生 18500 次地震，當中有
多次致災型地震，如 1999 年集集地震、2016 年美濃地震、2022 池上
關山地震。在歷次震災中，可發現許多鋼筋混凝土房屋(Reinforced
Concrete，RC)的災損甚至是倒塌，其中不乏有 RC 構架含填充磚牆的
案例。根據內政部統計，台灣房屋平均年齡為 33 年，隨著屋齡持續
老化，大量 RC 構架含填充磚牆建築的地震風險也越來越高。換言之，
如何有效分析評估此類結構的耐震性能與倒塌風險是當前一個重要
的課題。
既有填充磚牆數值模擬時所採用之經驗公式是由實驗數據擬合
而來，使用時需要經過多次校正，過程繁瑣導致實務上結構分析常常
忽略填充磚牆。新近發展之機率式地震風險評估可以考慮結構動力反
應與地表運動的不確定性，且其評估結果描述倒塌機率與金錢損失，
比傳統性能評估更容易理解。然而當中需透過大量非線性動力歷時分
析來了解結構物在不同地震強度下的反應，如何有效地建立 RC 構架
含填充磚牆便是當前學術界與實務界都面臨的一個難題。
有鑒於此，本研究透過大量蒐集國內外RC構架含填充磚牆試體，
結合了開源之地震工程分析軟體 OpenSees 與 Python 來實現RC構架含填充磚牆之自動化建模，其中特別針對 Pinching4 模型與實驗所得
遲滯迴圈進行驗證，結果顯示所提之自動化程式可更準確模擬含填充
磚牆構架之遲滯迴圈行為。。本研究同時導入機率式地震風險分析來
評估 RC 構架含填充磚牆之倒塌風險，透過自動化程式有效提升非線
性動力歷時分析的效率。結果顯示，考慮填充磚牆較無考慮之純構架
結構由於側向勁度不同，亦會影響倒塌機率。
;Taiwan is in the Pacific seismic zone and experiences an average of 18,500 earthquakes per year, including several disastrous ones, such as the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, the 2016 Meinong earthquake, and the 2022 Chishang-Guanshan earthquake. Many reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, especially those with RC frames and masonry-infill walls, have suffered significant damage or even collapse in these earthquakes. According to the
Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan′s average age of buildings is 33 years. As the building age increases, the seismic risk for structures with RC frames and masonry-infill walls also increases. Therefore, effectively analyzing and assessing such structures′ seismic performance and collapse risk is an important issue. This study focuses on the seismic risk of older buildings in Taiwan, particularly the RC moment frames with masonry-infill walls.Existing numerical simulations of masonry-infill walls often use empirical formulas derived from experimental data, requiring multiple corrections and making the process cumbersome. This often leads to the neglect of masonry-infill walls in practical analysis. Recent developments
in probabilistic seismic risk assessment, which consider uncertainties in structural dynamic response and ground motion, provide more understandable results in terms of collapse probability and economic loss compared to traditional performance assessments. However, understanding
the structural response under different earthquake intensities requires extensive nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and establishing models for RC frames with masonry-infill walls is a current challenge for academics and practitioners.
In light of this, the study involves the extensive collection of specimens of RC frames with masonry-infill walls from both domestic and international sources. It integrates the open-source seismic engineering analysis software OpenSees with Python to achieve automated modeling of RC frames with masonry-infill walls. Particular emphasis is placed on the Pinching4 model and validating the hysteresis loops obtained from
experiments. The results show that the proposed automated program can more accurately simulate the hysteresis behavior of structures with masonry-infill walls. This study also incorporates probabilistic seismic risk assessment to assess the collapse risk of RC frames with masonry-infill walls, effectively improving the efficiency of nonlinear time-history analysis. The findings indicate that masonry-infill walls, which differ in lateral stiffness from pure frame structures, also impact the probability of collapse. |
