人臉屬於個人生物特徵之一，隨著人工智慧物聯網的發展，也連帶擴展各國 公私部門對人臉辨識技術之應用;然而，當人臉辨識技術廣泛應用於刑事偵查， 且辨識意味著一定程度的監視，相比過去受限於距離、人力與技術之傳統刑事偵 查，人臉辨識可遠端偵測並自動蒐集、存取與分析人臉，勢必對憲法保障個人之 資料自主決定權與隱私權等權利造成侵害;此外，利用人工智慧進行人臉辨識之 正確率高低，以及該技術是否帶有歧視與偏見，皆是人臉辨識技術使用上爭議不 休之議題。 因此，如何在偵查機關運用人臉辨識技術此新型態科技作為偵查手段以提升 犯罪偵查效率的同時，與人權保障之間取得均衡，確為當前值得探究之重要課題。 本文首先透過瞭解人臉辨識技術用以偵查之運作流程、樣態與各國應用概況，並 以英國與美國之法律與案例作為比較法借鏡，並整理我國偵查機關對於運用人臉 辨識技術進行偵查之定位、可能涉及之基本權，以及當前法律授權依據是否完善， 最後在配合我國刑事訴訟法以及實務運作下，提出相關法制及人臉辨識技術使用 上保護機制之薄淺建議，以供未來立法參考。;The face is one of the personal biometric characteristics. With the development of The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), the application of facial recognition technology by public and private sectors in various countries has also been expanded; however, when facial recognition technology is widely applied criminal investigations, and identification means certain surveillance. Compared with the traditional criminal investigation limited by distance, manpower, and technology in the past, facial recognition can remotely detect and automatically collect s, access and analyze face. It will definitely infringe on the rights of individuals such as the right to self- determination of data and the right to privacy guaranteed by the Constitution. Therefore, how to strike a balance between investigative agencies using facial recognition technology that new type of technology, as an investigative method to improve the efficiency of criminal investigations and human rights protection is indeed an important topic worth exploring at present. In this thesis first understands the operation process, state and application situation of face recognition technology for investigation, and uses the laws and cases of the United Kingdom and the United States as a comparative method, and sorts out the use of face recognition technology for investigation by R.O.C. investigative agencies. Positioning, the basic rights that may be involved, and whether the current legal authorization basis is complete. Finally, in cooperation with my country′s criminal procedure law and practical operations, a shallow suggestion is put forward for the relevant legal system and protection mechanism for the use of face recognition technology for reference in future legislation.
