| 摘要: | 人都有喜怒哀樂的自然反應，而情緒有分很多種，例如喜、怒、哀、樂、愛、惡等等。每個族群在表達憤怒時，我們可以很明顯地從表情、行為動作及說話時的詞彙來表達，特別的是，不同的族群在表達時所使用的詞彙也不盡相同，這都和其族群的生活及文化背景息息相關。本文以探討客家族群表達「譴」時所使用的詞彙當作研究主題，探究客家族群用什麼樣的詞彙、諺語和語句來表達日常生活中的情緒。
本論文依據教育部《臺灣客家語常用詞辭典》、客委會《客語能力認證參考詞彙(初級)》、《客語能力認證參考詞彙(中級暨中高級)》、《客語能力認證參考詞彙(高級)》、曾彩金《六堆詞典》、龔萬灶《客話實用手冊》以及何石松、劉醇鑫《現代客語詞彙彙編》。從中挑選與「譴」相關的情緒詞彙及短語做為本論文的討論重點，同時也參考教育部《臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》、教育部《重編國語辭典修訂本》，做為本論文語料上的補充，並透過語料蒐集法、田野調查法、比較研究法等研究方法對這三類詞彙進行探究分析。本文所用語料之漢字部分以教育部及客委會所訂定之客語漢字為主要依據，音標部分則使用客語認證所規定之通用拼音。
研究發現：一、「譴」的語詞類型多元：在歸納語料時將與「譴」相關之情緒語詞分成七大類別，再依據情緒語詞的語義透過中文的修辭學方式來做區分，如：誇飾、摹寫、類疊、鑲嵌、借喻等。二、重疊結構多元能增加描述生動性：在語言溝通功能上，它有增強強調程度。三、由表象語素形象延伸喻義中的文化內涵。;People have a natural reaction to joy, anger and sorrow, and there are many kinds of emotions, such as joy, anger, sorrow, happiness, love, evil, and so on. When each ethnic group expresses anger, we can clearly express it in terms of expressions, actions and words when speaking, especially the words used by different ethnic groups when expressing themselves, which are closely related to the life and cultural background of their ethnic groups. This paper takes the vocabulary used by the Hakka group to express "angry" as the research theme, and explores what kind of words, proverbs and sentences the Hakka group uses to express emotions in daily life.
This paper is based on the Ministry of Education′s "Taiwan Hakka Dictionary", the Hakka Proficiency Certification Reference Vocabulary (Elementary), the Hakka Proficiency Certification Reference Vocabulary (Intermediate and Advanced), the Hakka Proficiency Certification Reference Vocabulary (Advanced), Zeng Caijin′s Six Heaps of Dictionaries, Gong Wanzao′s Hakka Practical Handbook, and He Shisong and Liu Olxin′s Modern Hakka Vocabulary Collection. The emotional vocabulary and phrases related to "conjunction" were selected as the focus of discussion in this paper, and the "Dictionary of Common Hokkien Dictionaries of Taiwan" and the "Revised Recompiled Chinese Dictionary" of the Ministry of Education were also referred to as supplements to the corpus of this paper, and these three types of vocabulary were explored and analyzed through research methods such as corpus collection, fieldwork, and comparative research. The Chinese characters part of the corpus used in this article is mainly based on the Hakka Chinese characters determined by the Ministry of Education and the Hakka Committee, and the phonetic part uses the universal pinyin prescribed by the Hakka language certification.
It is found that: First, the types of words of "condemnation" are diverse: when summarizing the corpus, the emotional words related to "condemnation" are divided into seven categories, and then distinguished by Chinese rhetoric according to the semantics of emotional words, such as: exaggeration, imitation, analogy, mosaic, metaphor, etc. Second, the overlapping structure can increase the vividness of the description: in the function of language communication, it has an enhanced degree of emphasis. Third, extend the cultural connotation in the metaphor from the image of the morpheme image. |
