亨利．柏格森（Henri Bergson）的《笑》（Le Rire. Essai sur la signification ducomique，1900）是哲學史上第一部以笑為主題的哲學著作。書中延續了他在先前的著作《時間與自由意志》（Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience，1889）和《物質與記憶》（Matière et mémoire，1896）中建構之概念體系，提出了一套與人的認知能力和社會性緊密相關的幽默理論。
本文先後透過Mark Sinclair 和A.R. Lacey 對於柏格森之《笑》的分析，Stephen Crocker、Simon Critchley、Ian Wilkie 與 Natalie Diddamsb 對於《笑》的詮釋和發展，同時透過柏格森在《笑》之前出版的兩部著作中，提出的有關感知與意識、美感與同情等概念，來解釋並延伸柏格森在《笑》中提出的理論。以此在柏格森原先的理論基礎上，解釋現代幽默喜劇如何透過同情作用的加入改變笑的姿態，進而產生兼具智性與情感意識的笑聲。;Henri Bergson′s work Laughter（Le Rire. Essai sur la signification du comique，1900）is the first work on the subject of laughter in the history of philosophy studies. This book continues Bergson’s system that proposed in his previous work Time and Free Will（Essai surles données immédiates de la conscience，1889） and Matter and Memory（Matière et mémoire，1896）, create a humor theory closely related to cognitive theory and sociality.
However, Bergson’s humor theory will meet two notable issue in recent comedies andjokes. One is Bergson describe that “laughter must rely pure intellect conscious, without affection”, the other one is “laughter is social society’s corrective gesture”. In modern’s humor comedies and jokes, it’s common to see works that take the purpose as arousing the audience′s emotions and leading affections, and the gestures in these laughter seems more likely to be describe as a kind of sympathy rather than a corrective punishment. Inspired by the secular sympathetic laughter which proposed by the literary critic James Wood, we believe that the corrective laughter has a connection with the modern humor laughter, thus we can be further expanding Bergson’s humor theory by exploring Bergson′s theoretical basis.
In this article, we investigates through the analysis of laughter write by Mark Sinclair and A.R. Lacey, the interpretation and extension of the theories in laughter write by Stephen Crocker、Simon Critchley、Ian Wilkie and Natalie Diddamsb, and the concept about perception and consciousness, aesthetic and sympathy from Bergson’s previous works. By searching those articles, we want to describe how sympathy add in modern’s humor comedies and change the gesture of laughter, in order to understand the produce of the laughter that merging consciousness of both intellect and affection.
