| 摘要: | 在電子製造產業研發的場所中，需經常使用各式的危害性化學品，如何快速、經濟且方便的找出作業場所中具有高風險的危害性成分是非常重要的。本研究對於電子製造產業研發廠之封裝實驗室(以下簡稱為案例廠)所使用的48種危害性化學品進行我國化學品分級管理 (Chemical Control Banding, CCB)及新加坡評估職業暴露有害化學品半定量方法(Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment, SQRA)的半定量暴露評估，藉此掌握作業場所之高風險化學品，並使用作業場所無通風模式、飽和蒸氣壓模式以及歐洲針對性風險評估(ECETOC TRA Ver. 3.1中文化版本)對屬於有暴露容許濃度之成分的物質(共66個項次)進行定量評估，依照此結果進行關聯性分析，並對銀、鎳及丙酮進行作業環境監測，以確認使用的暴露評估方式為保守的。
綜合以上結果，在半定量暴露評估中，CCB適合對於製程中使用化學品的原始作業條件進行暴露評估，並可依其結果，參考該工具提供之暴露控制表單進行建議的暴露控制措施；SQRA與CCB相異之處在於可以對控制後之作業環境及條件進行暴露評估，但因SQRA目前並無開發相關輔助工具，且部分參數取得不易，如不進行參數取捨則難以進行應用。定量評估模式中，作業場所無通風模式對於作業時間短暫、作業場所體積大且化學品用量極少之作業場所適合使用，其缺點是其所評估之濃度十分容易被過分高估；飽和蒸氣壓模式若使用10倍原則( Rule of Ten, RoT )考慮通風條件，則可大大降低評估結果被過分高估的可能性；ECETOC TRA評估工具(Ver. 3.1)中文化版本被設計得簡單使用，且可評估粉塵暴露濃度，對於製程特性、通風條件及暴露時數等作業參數皆納入考量、其操作容易，參數取得不至於困難，且評估結果不被過分高估等優點，相較其計算方式不透明的缺點，對於本研究案例廠來說是最能夠接受的。;In the electronics manufacturing industry, the use of hazardous chemicals in research and development (R&D) facilities is commonplace. Identifying high-risk substances quickly, economically, and conveniently is crucial for ensuring workplace safety. This study employed the Chemical Control Banding (CCB) and Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment (SQRA) methods to conduct a semi-quantitative exposure assessment of 48 hazardous chemicals utilized in the packaging laboratory of an R&D plant within the electronics manufacturing industry (referred to as the case study plant). The aim of this assessment was to identify chemicals with high-risk potential in the workplace. Additionally, a quantitative assessment was performed using the workplace non-ventilation mode, saturated vapor pressure mode, and the European targeted risk assessment tool (ECETOC TRA Ver. 3.1 Chinese version) to evaluate substances (66 items in total) with exposure limit concentrations. Correlation analysis was conducted based on these results, and silver, nickel, and acetone were monitored in the working environment to validate the conservative nature of the exposure assessment methods employed.
Based on the aforementioned results, the semi-quantitative exposure assessment revealed that CCB is suitable for evaluating chemical exposure under the original operating conditions in the manufacturing process. The recommended exposure control measures provided by this tool can be considered based on these assessment results. SQRA, on the other hand, is capable of assessing exposure in controlled operating environments and conditions, but its current limitations include the lack of relevant auxiliary tools and the difficulty in obtaining certain parameters. This makes its application challenging without proper parameter selection.
Regarding the quantitative assessment models, the non-ventilation mode is suitable for workplaces characterized by short operation times, large volumes, and minimal chemical usage. However, it is prone to overestimating evaluated concentrations. The saturated vapor pressure mode, when considering ventilation conditions using the Rule of Ten (RoT), significantly reduces the likelihood of overestimating assessment results. The ECETOC TRA assessment tool (Ver. 3.1) is user-friendly, designed for ease of use, and capable of evaluating dust exposure concentrations. It takes into account operational parameters such as process characteristics, ventilation conditions, and exposure durations. While its calculation method may lack transparency, it proves to be the most suitable approach for the case study plant in this research, as it avoids excessive overestimation of assessment results. |
