| 摘要: | 摘要
煙管鍋爐大多以重油為燃料，燃燒產生高溫高壓蒸氣及二氧化碳，對
空氣品質和全球暖化造成負面影響。本文旨在探討中小型煙管鍋爐裝設
燃料省油器，以提升鍋爐熱效率，促進節能減碳。
本文選擇了 30 套煙管鍋爐，其中 15 套沒有裝設省油器，另外 15 套則裝設有省油器。依據試車紀錄，以鍋爐效率熱損失法計算鍋爐熱效率，
並比較了影響鍋爐熱效率的因素，評估了節能減碳的效益。所有鍋爐都
使用相同的六號重油，確保了總入熱量平均值相近。影響鍋爐總熱損最
大的因素是廢氣熱損，有無裝設省油器平均差距為 390 kcal/kg。無裝設省油器的鍋爐平均熱效率為 89.70%，合於政府規定的 87~90%以上。然而，各鍋爐平均廢氣溫度為 230.7 ℃，超過政府規定的 200 ℃以下。有裝設省油器鍋爐熱效率平均值為 93.68%，鍋爐廢氣溫度 145 ℃，都優於政府規定標準。
本文使用蒸發量每小時 6 噸鍋爐，裝設省油器成本為 120 萬元，全年節省燃料約 36 噸，減少碳排放約 111 噸。以碳費每噸 100 元估算，加上燃料節省約 78 萬元，估計一年七個月可回收裝設省油器成本。
關鍵字：煙管鍋爐、省油器、鍋爐熱效率、節能減碳;Abstract
Most smoke-tube boilers commonly utilize heavy oil as fuel, resulting in the production of high-temperature, high-pressure steam, carbon dioxide emissions,and negative impacts on air quality and global warming. This study aims toexplore the installation of fuel economizers in small and medium-sized smoketube boilers to enhance boiler thermal efficiency, promote energy conservation,and reduce carbon emissions.
For this investigation, 30 sets of smoke-tube boilers were selected, with 15 sets lacking fuel economizers while the remaining 15 sets were equipped with them. The boiler thermal efficiency was assessed using the boiler-efficiency
heat-loss method based on test records. Factors influencing boiler efficiency were compared, and the benefits of energy conservation and carbon reduction were evaluated. All boilers employed identical No. 6 heavy oil as fuel, ensuring
similarity in average total heat input. The most significant factor affecting total heat loss in the boilers was found to be exhaust-gas heat loss, with an average difference of 390 kcal/kg observed between boilers with and without fuel
economizers. Boilers without a fuel economizer exhibited an average thermal efficiency of 89.70%, complying with government regulations that mandate efficiency levels of 87-90% and above. However, the average exhaust-gas temperature of each boiler exceeded the government-specified limit of below 200°C, measuring 230.7°C. Boilers equipped with a fuel economizer demonstrated an average thermal efficiency of 93.68% and a lower exhaust-gas temperature of 145°C, surpassing the government standard.
The boilers analyzed in this study had an evaporation capacity of 6 tons per hour. The cost of installing a fuel economizer was estimated at 1.2 million NT dollars, resulting in an annual fuel saving of approximately 36 tons and a reduction of about 111 tons in carbon emissions. Considering a carbon tax rate of 100 NT dollars per ton and the fuel savings of approximately 780,000 NT dollars, the investment in a fuel economizer could be recovered within one year and seven months.
Keywords: Smoke tube boiler, Fuel economizer, Boiler thermal
efficiency,Energy saving and carbon reduction. |
