逆斷層錯動下隧道變位之物理模型模擬;Physical Model Simulation of Tunnel Deformation under Reverse Fault Displacement

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Title:	逆斷層錯動下隧道變位之物理模型模擬;Physical Model Simulation of Tunnel Deformation under Reverse Fault Displacement
Authors:	王昱升;Wang, Yu-Sheng
Contributors:	土木工程學系
Keywords:	淺層明挖覆蓋矩形隧道;斷層錯動;1g 物理模型試驗;Shallow Excavation Covering Rectangular Tunnel;Fault Dislocation;1g Physical Model Testing
Date:	2024-08-21
Issue Date:	2024-10-09 14:52:44 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	在地質學和土木大地工程領域中，斷層和隧道的研究至關重要。特別是在地震活動頻繁的地區，斷層帶和地質破碎帶的存在對隧道的設計和施工造成不確定性，可能對隧道的穩定性和安全性構成嚴重威脅。由於現地的土層和斷層難以直接觀察，資訊量不足導致分析困難。土木工程師為了模擬各種破壞行為，需要藉由簡化問題並建構數值或物理模型。然而，全尺寸物理模型的準備過程耗時且經濟性差；數值模擬則需要基於現地調查或簡易物理模型試驗，前置作業相對繁瑣；此外，離心模型試驗的試驗過程也耗時，具備離心機的研究機構相對稀少。為了解決這些挑戰，本研究透過 1g 斷層試驗，模擬斷層與隧道的互制行為，瞭解斷層對隧道穩定性的影響，並與離心試驗模型之結果進行比較，探討兩者之間的相關性，以確定 1g 斷層試驗的可靠性。研究內容透過觀察逆斷層錯動時，剪裂帶與隧道之間的互制行為，並記錄剪裂帶範圍、隧道傾斜量、隧道位移量與地表影響範圍。本研究旨在提供一種更為簡便但準確的斷層和隧道相互作用研究方法，並為實際工程中的地質災害評估和基礎設施設計提供有價值的參考。本研究基於離心模型試驗和大尺寸 1g 斷層試驗，探討隧道在不同埋置深度下的位移、傾斜量及地表影響範圍的表現。研究發現，當埋置深度為隧道高度的兩倍時，大尺寸 1g 斷層試驗中的隧道水平位移和垂直位移結果分別高估約 20%和 24%；而隧道傾斜量及地表影響範圍則分別低估 27%和 38%。由於大尺寸 1g 斷層試驗的斷層錯動速率與真實情況較接近，剪裂帶的發展行為更接近實際情況；而離心模型試驗的受力環境更類似真實場景，因此在評估隧道受斷層影響的行為時，兩種試驗方法各有優缺點。此外，若減少隧道的埋置深度，將導致位移量和傾斜量增加，並擴大剪裂帶和地表影響範圍，因此淺埋置隧道的擺放位置需更加保守。;In the fields of geology and geotechnical engineering, the study of faults and tunnels is important. Particularly in seismically active regions, the presence of fault zones and fractured geological formations introduces significant uncertainties in tunnel design and construction, potentially posing serious threats to tunnel stability and safety. The inherent difficulty in directly observing in situ soil layers and faults, compounded by the limited availability of data, complicates the analytical process. To simulate various failure mechanisms, civil engineers often simplify these complex problems and construct numerical or physical models. However, the preparation of full-scale physical models is time-consuming and economically inefficient, while numerical simulations require extensive preliminary work based on field investigations or simplified physical model experiments. Additionally, the experimental process for centrifuge models is also time-intensive, and the availability of research facilities equipped with centrifuges is relatively limited. To address these challenges, this study utilizes 1g fault experiments to simulate the interaction between faults and tunnels, aiming to understand the impact of faults on tunnel stability. The results are compared with centrifuge modeling tests to explore the correlation between the two, thereby assessing the reliability of 1g fault experiments. The research focuses on observing the interaction between shear zones and tunnels during reverse fault movements, documenting the extent of the shear zones, tunnel inclination, tunnel displacement, and surface impact area. This study seeks to provide a more straightforward yet accurate method for investigating the interaction between faults and tunnels, offering valuable insights for geological hazard assessment and infrastructure design in practical engineering. This research, based on centrifuge modeling tests and large-scale 1g fault experiments, explores the behavior of tunnels at different burial depths in terms of displacement, inclination, and surface impact area. The study finds that when the burial depth is twice the tunnel height, the horizontal and vertical displacement results from large-scale 1g fault experiments overestimate by approximately 20% and 24%, respectively, while the tunnel inclination and surface impact area are underestimated by 27% and 38%, respectively. Due to the closer approximation of fault slip rates to real-world conditions in large-scale 1g fault experiments, the behavior of shear zone development is more representative of actual scenarios. In contrast, the stress environment in centrifuge model tests is more analogous to real-world conditions, making the tunnel′s stress behavior, displacement, and inclination more similar to those in actual situations. Therefore, both testing methods have their respective strengths and iii weaknesses when evaluating the behavior of tunnels affected by faults. Furthermore, reducing the burial depth of tunnels leads to increased displacement and inclination, as well as an expanded shear zone and surface impact area, necessitating a more conservative approach to the placement of shallow-buried tunnels.
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