本論文將利用孔徑效應(aperture effect)改善光學系統之特定空間頻率之光學表現。本研究以傅氏光學為基礎，對光學系統進行分析，主要改變成像系統的孔徑穿透函數，提升該成像系統在特定空間頻率之調製傳遞函數，本論文包含模擬、實驗及設計共三個部分。 在模擬中對於有像差的成像系統進行分析，分析其調製傳遞函數。實驗中使用一維方向變化的濾光片，做為調整孔徑穿透振幅的元件，比較模擬及試驗是否吻合，結果顯示實驗及模擬結果接近。驗證實驗及模擬結果後，在本論文的最後分別設計了環形分布及一種結合高斯、環形分布的孔徑穿透函數。最後針對特定空間頻率進行設計，結合孔徑穿透函數及相位光罩，增加頻率響應。 ;This thesis aims to improve the optical performance of specific spatial frequencies in optical systems by utilizing aperture effects. Based on Fourier optics, this study analyzes optical systems by primarily altering the aperture transfer function of the imaging system to enhance its modulation transfer function at specific spatial frequencies. The paper includes three sections: simulation, experimentation, and design. In the simulation, imaging systems with aberrations are analyzed to study their modulation transfer functions. During the experiments, a filter with one-dimensional directional variations is used as the aperture adjustment element. The experimental results are then compared with the simulations to determine their consistency, and the results show that the experimental and simulation outcomes are close. After validating the experimental and simulation results, the final section of the paper designs two types of aperture transfer functions: one with a ring distribution and another combining Gaussian and ring distributions. The simulation results demonstrate that this design significantly enhances the frequency response at low spatial frequencies. After enhancing the spatial frequency response, the design incorporates a phase mask to target specific spatial frequencies, further increasing the frequency response at those specific spatial frequencies.
