我國大專院校編制外專任教學人員法律地位與權利之研究;A Study on the Legal Status and the Right of University Affair Funded Teaching Faculty Staff

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Title:	我國大專院校編制外專任教學人員法律地位與權利之研究;A Study on the Legal Status and the Right of University Affair Funded Teaching Faculty Staff
Authors:	龔郁勻;Kung, Yu-Yun
Contributors:	法律與政府研究所
Keywords:	編制外專任教學人員;專案教師;社會正義;平等原則;學術自由;University Affair Funded Teaching Faculty Staff;“non-formal”full-time contract teachers;Full-Time Non-Tenure-Track Faculty;Implementation of Social Justice;The principle of equal treatment;Academic Freedom
Date:	2024-07-18
Issue Date:	2024-10-09 15:44:05 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	受到社會事實等諸多因素之交互影響，我國編制外專任教學人員在大專院校聘任的比例逐漸增加，然對編制外專任教學人員的法律地位和權利保護問題，於一直存在許多爭議的情形下，仍以行政規則的方式去限制其相關之基本權利，實有違我國憲法所示之原理原則。司法院大法官釋字第443號解釋理由書建構出層級化法律保留原則，認為「何種事項應以法律直接規範或得委由命令予以規定，與所謂規範密度有關，應視規範對象、內容或法益本身及其所受限制之輕重而容許合理之差異」，而「涉及人民其他自由權利之限制者，亦應由法律加以規定，如以法律授權主管機關發布命令為補充規定時，其授權應符合具體明確之原則。」然而關於編制外專任教學人員之法律地位與相關基本權利之限制，教育部選擇以發佈⟪專科以上學校進用編制外專任教學人員實施原則⟫此一行政規則作為依據，恐有違反憲法法治國原則。蓋大學自治之內涵同時應該也在保護教學人員其他基本權在大學的實現。因此本文將由憲法社會國原則之社會正義與平等原則作出發，探討現行法制下編制外專任教學人員基本權利保障的缺失，歸納整理編制外專任教學人員於我國憲法上的權利保障基礎與大學自治的互動。並觀察各國在面臨與臺灣相同的社會事實下，是如何以法制面加以因應少子化與高等教育市場化等情形。最後，本文將提出若干建議，在立法者與行政機關有作為義務卻仍不作為時，未來編制外專任教學人員在實務上，應如何使其法律地位與基本權利受到固有的保障之解方與可能的方向。;Affected by the interaction of many factors such as social facts, the proportion of full-time teaching staff appointed outside the establishment in colleges and universities in China has gradually increased. However, there have been many disputes over the legal status and rights protection of full-time teaching staff outside the establishment. Still using administrative rules to restrict related basic rights is actually contrary to the principles and principles expressed in our country′s constitution. The Judicial Yuan Justice Interpretation Letter No. 443 constructs the principle of hierarchical legal reservations and holds that "what matters should be directly regulated by law or stipulated by entrusted orders are related to the so-called normative density and should be determined according to the object and content of the norm." or legal interests themselves and the severity of the restrictions to which they are subject, reasonable differences are allowed." And "restrictions involving other people′s freedoms and rights should also be stipulated by law. If the competent authority is authorized by law to issue an order as a supplementary provision, its authorization It should comply with specific and clear principles. However, regarding the legal status and related basic rights restrictions of established foreign full-time teaching personnel, the Ministry of Education chose to use the administrative rule "Implementation Principles for the Recruitment of Foreign Full-time Teaching Personnel in Colleges and above" as a basis. , which may violate the principle of the rule of law in our country′s Constitution. The connotation of university autonomy should also protect the realization of other basic rights of teaching staff in the university. Therefore, this article will start from the principles of social justice and equality in the principles of the Constitution, explore the lack of basic rights protection for foreign full-time teaching staff under the current legal system, and summarize the basic rights protection foundation and university autonomy of foreign full-time teaching staff in our country’s constitution. interactive. And observe how countries, facing the same social facts as Taiwan, use legal systems to respond to situations such as the declining birthrate and the marketization of higher education. Finally, this article will put forward some suggestions. When legislators and administrative agencies have the obligation to act but still fail to act, how should the legal status and basic rights of foreign full-time teaching staff be properly protected in practice in the future.
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