以FPGA實作基於格雷碼之渺子探測器;An FPGA Implementation of a Muon Detector Using Gray Code

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Title:	以FPGA實作基於格雷碼之渺子探測器;An FPGA Implementation of a Muon Detector Using Gray Code
Authors:	陳柏翰;Chen, Bo-Han
Contributors:	電機工程學系
Keywords:	現場可規劃邏輯陣列;時間至數位轉換電路;渺子探測器;FPGA;TDC;Muon Detector
Date:	2024-07-25
Issue Date:	2024-10-09 17:11:14 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	本論文旨在開發可偵測特定來向渺子通量之渺子探測器讀取電路，並以提升辨別渺子來向之正確率為目標。設計上以Digilent Cora-Z7 FPGA開發板實作渺子探測器讀取電路，搭配兩個由塑膠閃爍體與矽光電倍增管組成的渺子探測器模組，量測特定來向的渺子通量。為了更準確地辦別渺子來向，本研究於多相位時間至數位轉換電路的計數器中，導入錯誤最小化的編碼方式—格雷碼，以提高計數器正確率。此外，選用兩種時脈頻率(400MHz與100MHz)作為系統之工作頻率，在滿足研究目標所需之時間解析度(1ns)的同時，也使硬體電路有充裕的時間進行來向判別的運算，減少系統因介穩態所導致的不穩定現象。亦透過邊緣檢測電路檢測渺子訊號的電位變化，實現記錄渺子背景數量之功能。為驗證電路功能之正確性，我們以Arduino開發板與延遲線作為穩定訊號源進行測試。結果顯示，辨別渺子來向之正確率達92.8%，而對單一測試訊號之接收率則約98%。我們進而將渺子探測器模組與FPGA讀取電路整合，實際測量不同天頂角度之渺子通量，驗證了渺子通量隨角度增加而減少之趨勢。又為驗證渺子通量是否因通過障礙物而改變，我們在不同樓層進行測量，結果顯示渺子通量隨樓層下降而減少，與預期相符，從而確認探測器可成功運作。 ;This study aims to develop a readout circuit for a muon detector such that it can identify incoming muons from specific directions. The main design goal is to improve the accuracy of direction detection of incoming muons. Specifically, the proposed readout circuit is implemented on a Digilent Cora-Z7 FPGA development board, which is integrated with two muon detector modules based on plastic scintillators and silicon photomultipliers. To improve the accuracy of muon detection, Gray code (an error minimization encoding method) is employed into the counter design of the proposed multi-phase time-to-digital converter. Furthermore, two clock frequencies (i.e., 400 MHz and 100 MHz) are utilized to satisfy the required time resolution (1 ns) while allowing sufficient time for the hardware to perform required calculations, thus reducing system instability caused by metastable states. An edge detection circuit is also used to enable the recording the background muon flux. To verify the functionality of the readout circuit, we use an Arduino development board and delay lines as a stable signal source for testing. The results show that the accuracy of muon direction detection reaches 92.8%, and the reception accuracy of the testing signal is approximately 98%. We then integrate the muon detector modules with the FPGA readout circuit, and measure the muon flux at different zenith angles. The measured, muon flux decreases with increasing angle, which agrees with the theoretical model. In addition, we perform muon flux measurements on different floors of the building, and the results show that the muon flux decreases as the floor level decreases, which is consistent with expectations. These measured results confirm the successful operation of the proposed muon detector.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering] Electronic Thesis & Dissertation

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