| 摘要: | 位於桃園市新屋區永興里大牛欄的「葉五美宗祠」，是葉家人專屬的宗祠，葉家先祖蓽路藍縷創建家園，歷經兩百多年，子孫已超過萬人，形成龐大的葉五美家族，在傳統父系社會的家庭中，也傳承著「男尊女卑」、「夫、父權最大」的權力結構，顯露出父權思維下不可徹的保守倫理觀，近年社會環境變遷客家宗祠隨著與性別平權的發展，以及女性意識覺醒，已逐漸改變思維調整其傳統習俗。
本論文將以葉五美宗祠為研究對象，藉由文獻及性別平權的建構，宗祠長期存在的宗祧傳承，隨著環境的變遷時代進步的演進，近年來少子化因數，目前有很多家庭只生女兒沒有生兒子，甚至沒有子嗣，或是未婚、晚婚、不婚、離異等，葉五美宗祠終將要調整其傳統習俗，能順潮而動與時俱進的改變現狀，要讓女神有一條方便回家的路，不至於血脈相連的姊妹、姑婆時至如今仍然流離失所而流浪在外。
葉五美宗祠將轉型為祭祀公業法人，除了登記田產以外更急需推動性別平權、男女平等的顯現，從祭祀平等女性具有社會分層與不公平的本質，女性在社會、經濟、法律、政治等層面都處於一種附屬地位的弱勢實質團體。這篇論文將藉由深度訪談法，從各階層做田調後通盤研討，並以葉五美宗祠與鄰近多個姓氏宗祠觀摩交流，其推動性別平權的領域已經設立或正在籌設姑婆神(牌)位、女性入塔、入祠等等，供葉五美宗祠管理單位能謀定而後動、知止而有得，必定能夠順應環境變遷，共同創新集體記憶改變現狀達成理想目標。
;The Yeh Wumei Ancestral Hall, located in Daniu Lan, Yongxing Village, Xinwu District, Taoyuan City, is a loyalty temple exclusively for the Yeh family. The ancestors of the Yeh family established their home over 200 years ago through hard work and dedication. Today, their descendants number over ten thousand, forming a large Yeh Wumei clan. In traditional patriarchal families, there is a legacy of male superiority and a dominant power structure centered around husbands and fathers, revealing the deeply rooted conservative ethical views of a patriarchal society. In recent years, with changes in the social environment, Hakka ancestral halls have gradually begun to change mindset and adjust their traditional customs in response to the development of gender equality and the awakening of female consciousness.
This study will focus on the Yeh Wumei Ancestral Hall, utilizing literature and the construction of gender equality to explore the long-standing lineage preservation of the ancestral hall. With changes in the environment and the progress of the times, factors such as declining birth rates have led many families to having only daughters but no sons, with some having no children at all, or facing issues like unmarried status, late marriage, singlehood, or divorced. The Yeh Wumei Ancestral Hall will ultimately need to adjust its traditional customs to adapt to contemporary circumstances and ensure that women have a convenient path to return home. This is essential to prevent sisters and aunts who are connected by blood from becoming lost and wandering outside in today′s world.
The Yeh Wumei Ancestral Hall will transform into a corporate entity for worship, focusing not only on registering land assets but also urgently promoting gender equality and the manifestation of equal rights for men and women. This shift is essential to address the inherent social stratification and inequities in the context of worship, where women are often positioned as disadvantaged substantial groups across social, economic, legal, and political dimensions. This study will utilize in-depth interviews to conduct an extensive study across various social strata and will include observations and exchanges with neighboring ancestral halls of different surnames. Efforts to promote gender equality have already led to the establishment or planning of places for female tablets, women′s access to the towers and ancestral halls, and other initiatives. The management of the Yeh Wumei Ancestral Hall must carefully consider these developments, ensuring that they adapt to environmental changes while collaboratively innovating collective memory to alter the current situation and achieve their ideal goals. |
