| 摘要: | 臺灣小客車產業以1953年裕隆汽車成立為開端，發展至今已超過七十年，戰後初期臺灣工業基礎不佳，且僅裕隆一家組裝廠（Assembly plant），現今已有裕隆、中華、三陽、福特六和、國瑞、本田等國產車商，其發展歷程並非一蹴可幾。
本文以供應商發展情形為切入視角，探討戰後小客車供應鏈建構歷程，第一章以裕隆汽車生產小客車之過程為開端，探討戰後初期裕隆如何藉由美援計畫與技術合作生產車輛，同時探討全散裝套件（Completely Knock Down, CKD）生產模式之優缺點與影響；第二章接續探討 1961年至 1985年政府實施保護政策期間供應鏈（Supply Chain）發展情形與演變，這段期間因受政府自製率政策影響，臺灣汽車廠商供應鏈分布以引擎（Engine）、車身（Body）與底盤（Chassis Transmission Systems）傳動等系統占多數，成為當時臺灣汽車零組件供應鏈重要一環；第三章
探討供應鏈中心衛星工廠（Satellite Factory System）制度發展特色，以及1986年至2002年保護政策取消後各系統供應鏈消長情形。
由本研究可知戰後臺灣汽車產業早年發展方向帶有民族工業色彩，政策上以保護主義和提高國產化與自製率為重要考量，此時供應商以技術合作方式引進汽車零組件製造能力，合作模式多以單向輸入為主，臺灣本地產品創新性與附加價值低，且需依附中心廠訂單生存，但隨著1980年代保護政策取消與國際化趨勢興起，外資企業在臺灣投資日益增加，汽車產業鏈走向高度專業化及分工化，在全球化策略影響下，臺灣供應鏈隨母廠前往海外布局，提升產品品質並擴大供應鏈市場，臺灣汽車產業從過去強調高自製率、以車廠為中心之單打獨鬥模式，轉變為「全球分工、區域生產」之團體戰形式，政策走向與供應鏈彈性發展策略逐漸形塑今日臺灣汽車產業鏈樣貌。;Taiwan′s passenger car industry began with the establishment of Yulon Motor in 1953 and has developed for over seventy years. In the early post-war period, Taiwan had a weak industrial foundation and Yulon was the only one assembly plant. Today, there are several domestic automakers, including Yulon, CMC, Sanyang Motor, Ford LioHo, Kuozui (TOYOTA), and Honda. The entire industry now employs around 300,000 people, the development process isn’t an easy process and can’t be achieved in a single step.
This paper focusing on the perspective of supplier development, to explore the construction process of the passenger car supply chain after WWII in Taiwan. The first
chapter starts with the process of Yulon Motors, to explore how Yulon produced first vehicle in the early period by means of the U.S. Aid to Tawian programme and technician
cooperation, also discuss the pros, cons and influences of the CKD production model. Chapter 2 to discuss the development status of the supply chain during the government′s protectionist policy period from 1961 to 1985. Due to local content rate requirements, the supply chains of Taiwanese automakers were largely centered around engine, body, and chassis transmission systems, which became a crucial part of Taiwan′s automotive supply chain at the time. Chapter 3 examines the characteristics of satellite factory system in Taiwan automobile industry, as well as the changes of each system after the removal of the restriction policy from 1986 to 2002.
This study reveals that he early development of Taiwan automotive industry was marked by a focus on nationalism, while protectionism and increasing local content rates were key considerations. At this time, suppliers introduced manufacturing capabilities through technical collaboration, the cooperation model was mostly limited to one-way input. Taiwan′s local products had low innovation and added value, and suppliers were highly dependent on orders from automotive OEM.
However, with the lifting of protectionist policies in the 1980s and the trends of globalization wave, foreign investment in Taiwan increased significantly, the automotive
industry supply chain became highly specialized and divided. Under the influence of globalization, Taiwan′s supply chain followed parent companies to expand overseas markets. Taiwan′s automotive industry has transitioned from its past solitary model to today′s collaborative approach, emphasizing on "global division of labor and regional production." Policy changes and the flexibility of supplier development strategies have gradually shaped the current structure of supply chain in Taiwan automotive industry. |
