Tension Leg Platform Behavior of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine by Centrifuge and Numerical Simulations

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题名:	Tension Leg Platform Behavior of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine by Centrifuge and Numerical Simulations
作者:	習天普;Sitepu, Farid
贡献者:	土木工程學系
关键词:	海上風電;張力腿平臺;離心建模;數值模擬;水動力載荷;Offshore wind turbine;tension leg platform;centrifuge modelling;numerical simulation;hydrodynamic load.
日期:	2025-04-28
上传时间:	2025-10-17 10:58:03 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	張力腿平臺（Tension Leg Platform, TLP）是一種用於海上風力發電的環保型能源平臺，本文通過試驗研究其動力回應行為。本研究首次在岩土離心機中對採用單浮體與四根系索構成的浮式海上風電平臺設計進行了物理建模試驗。平臺模型尺寸遵循離心模型試驗的相似律進行縮尺。系索錨固於兩種不同類型的基礎中，分別為置於砂層上的重力式基礎與埋入砂層中的吸力筒基礎，並在不同試驗中進行測試。平臺施加了兩種水動力載荷：（1）環境波浪，模擬試驗容器中在20g重力加速度條件下的水環境波動；（2）地震激發波浪，通過模擬地震引起的地面震動產生波浪，代表可能導致土壤液化的工況。地震載荷由離心機內的液壓激振器施加，產生15個週期的正弦波，最大加速度為0.3g。隨後，利用Ansys AQWA數值類比軟體對離心試驗結果進行了驗證。環境波浪對應的波譜為多峰譜，最大譜能量為0.016 m²/Hz，代表湧浪與局部風浪的疊加。在此條件下，平臺最大縱向位移為0.078 m，升沉方向位移為0.0015 m，最大系索張力為820,312 N。回應幅值運算元（RAO）在縱向方向上顯示峰值頻率為0.34 Hz。相比之下，地震激發產生的波浪呈現單峰譜特徵，譜能量為0.47 m²/Hz，主導頻率為0.13 Hz，反映中等強度的湧浪特徵。該工況下，平臺最大縱向位移為0.121 m，升沉位移為0.02 m，最大系索張力達到1,527.581 N。RAO圖顯示主頻與環境波浪情況下相同。研究結果表明，利用岩土離心機進行浮式平臺動力回應試驗具有較高的可靠性，與數值模擬結果相比，誤差小於25%。平臺響應受到水動力載荷影響明顯，系索張力變化合理可接受。該實驗方法為未來更大尺度或更高精度的浮體結構研究提供了有價值的參考。;The Tension Leg Platform for Offshore Wind Turbines, an environmentally friendly energy platform, is tested to determine its behavior. In this study, the design of the floating offshore wind turbine using a single floater with four tendon tethers was tested in the geotechnical centrifuge for the first time. The platform dimensions were based on the scaling law applicable to centrifuge tests. The tether′s tension of the platform was anchored to two types of foundations: a gravity base placed on the sand and a suction caisson embedded in sand in separate tests. Two types of hydrodynamic loads were applied to the platform: Ambient Wave as a form of test container environment at 20g gravity acceleration, and waves produced by ground shaking as a simulation of earthquakes that have the potential to liquefy. Ground shaking was simulated by a centrifuge hydraulic shaker, exciting a 15-cycle sinusoidal wave with an acceleration maximum of 0.3g. The Model was then simulated using Ansys Aqwa to validate the centrifugebtest results. The results show that the Ambient wave is a multi-peak spectrum with a peak energy of 0.016 m²/Hz, representing swell waves and locally generated wind waves. Resulting in the platform displacing a maximum of 0.078 m longitudinally and 0.0015 m in the heave direction, and the maximum tension acting in the tethers is 820,312 N. The Response Amplitude Operators exhibit a peak frequency of 0.34 Hz for longitudinal motion. Meanwhile, the wave triggered by ground shaking is characterized by a single-peaked spectrum with an energy of 0.47m2/Hz and a dominant peak of 0.13 Hz, indicating moderate swell waves. The platform displaced a maximum of 0.121 m longitudinally, 0.02 m in the heave direction, and the maximum tension acting reached 1527.581 N. The Response Amplitude Operators show a dominant peak at the same frequency as the Ambient wave. The fundamental result is that the platform test using a geotechnical centrifuge is quite reliable, with less than a 25% difference when validated against computer simulation. Tension on the tethers presents a reasonable approach, as the movement is influenced by the platform′s response to the hydrodynamic loads generated by the geotechnical centrifuge. The process of testing floating structures with a geotechnical centrifuge serves as a useful reference for further research on a larger scale or in more detail.
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