基於橋梁結構健康監測之疲勞壽命評估;Fatigue Life Assessment Based on Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges

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题名:	基於橋梁結構健康監測之疲勞壽命評估;Fatigue Life Assessment Based on Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges
作者:	陳庭漢;Chen, Ting-Han
贡献者:	土木工程學系
关键词:	疲勞;光纖感測;雨流計數法;Miner理論
日期:	2025-07-03
上传时间:	2025-10-17 11:00:18 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	台灣地處特殊地理環境，常受地震、颱風、極端氣候等自然災害威脅，加上車輛超載與材料劣化等問題，使橋梁安全面臨嚴峻挑戰。全台有近三萬座橋梁，平均橋齡已超過20年，橋梁監測成為保障公共安全與延長使用壽命的重要措施。結構健康監測系統（SHM）透過感測器、數據分析與通訊技術，能即時掌握橋梁結構狀況，提前發現異常，確保安全與耐久性，廣泛應用於橋梁、隧道等基礎設施，對智慧城市與永續發展具重大意義。文獻回顧中探討光纖布拉格光柵（FBG）技術與疲勞監測技術的發展歷程及其實際應用，提供對光纖感測與疲勞監測相關技術的全面理解，為後續研究方法與應用分析奠定理論基礎，實際應用涵蓋橋梁、航太、機械等領域。本研究採用光纖光柵感測器進行結構應變與疲勞監測，具高靈敏、抗干擾、適用於惡劣環境等優勢。資料分析上，使用雨流計數法處理應變歷程，結合S-N曲線與Palmgren-Miner法則，評估疲勞損傷與結構壽命，有助於預測潛在失效，提升結構維護效率與安全性。此外也針對鋼構件軸力計算公式，進行受力分析並整理其計算結果，以評估結構受力狀況，進一步探討應變與溫度變化之間的關聯，運用濾波技術處理量測資料，並估算結構材料之熱膨脹係數，和提出車輛載重作用與軸力變化的關係假設。 ;Taiwan is situated in a unique geographical environment and is frequently threatened by natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, and extreme weather. In addition, issues like vehicle overloading and material deterioration pose severe challenges to bridge safety. With nearly 30,000 bridges across Taiwan and an average bridge age of over 20 years, bridge monitoring has become a crucial measure to ensure public safety and extend service life. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems utilize sensors, data analysis, and communication technologies to monitor the condition of bridge structures in real time, detect anomalies early, and ensure safety and durability. These systems are widely applied to infrastructure such as bridges and tunnels and are of great significance to smart cities and sustainable development. The literature review explores the development and practical applications of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technology and fatigue monitoring techniques, providing a comprehensive understanding of fiber optic sensing and fatigue monitoring technologies. This lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent research methods and application analyses, with real-world applications spanning bridges, aerospace, mechanical engineering, and other fields. This study adopts fiber Bragg grating sensors for structural strain and fatigue monitoring, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, resistance to interference, and suitability for harsh environments. For data analysis, the rainflow counting method is used to process strain histories, combined with S-N curves and the Palmgren-Miner rule to assess fatigue damage and structural lifespan. This approach aids in predicting potential failures and enhances the efficiency and safety of structural maintenance. Additionally, axial force calculation formulas for steel components are analyzed to evaluate structural loading conditions. The study also investigates the relationship between strain and temperature variations, applies filtering techniques to process data, estimates the thermal expansion coefficient of structural materials, and proposes hypotheses regarding the relationship between vehicle loads and axial force variations.
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