| 摘要: | 過往垃圾焚化飛灰(Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash, MSWI FA)多以掩埋方式進行處置，然此法不僅導致處理與監測成本增加，亦因多數縣市掩埋空間逐漸飽和，急需替代性資源化處理途徑。本研究旨在探討經水洗穩定化之MSWI FA及其製成之焚化飛灰冷結粒料(MSWI FA Cold Bonded Aggregates, MFCBA)應用於乾拌砂漿之可行性，並以乾混地坪砂漿為主要應用對象，進行系列性試驗評估，內容包括：MSWI FA部分取代水泥之漿體工作性及強度影響、MSWI FA取代粒料之乾混砂漿工作性及強度影響、MFCBA取代天然砂之乾混砂漿性質探討、實務應用模擬初步探討等的四個階段研究。
第一階段使用水洗穩定化之MSWI FA部分取代水泥，探討MSWI FA取代水泥對淨漿影響，結果可用以評估MSWI FA含量對製備MFCBA性質影響。結果顯示隨MSWI FA取代量增加，漿體強度會下降，並且相同工作性下用水量增加，顯示水洗穩定化之MSWI FA摻量愈高，所製備的MFCBA強度愈低。
第二階段使用水洗穩定化之MSWI FA部分取代砂漿中天然砂及MFCBA，並使用固定水膠比和工作性兩種用水方式，探討MSWI FA是否有潛力直接應用於砂漿中。結果顯示，固定水膠比時，MSWI FA取代粒料能增加工作性；而使用固定稠度用水量時，MSWI FA取代天然砂不超過50 % 時，砂漿強度皆可符合規範要求。
第三階段使用MFCBA部分取代砂漿中的天然砂，並以規範要求稠度之用水量，探討MFCBA部分取代天然砂對應用於乾混地坪砂漿之影響。結果顯示，當固定稠度與固定水泥與粒料體積比時，MFCBA取代不同比例天然砂之強度差異不大，隨MFCBA取代量增加保水性增加，但凝結時間縮短。
第四階段為實務應用模擬初步探討，探討實務應用時可能發生之問題。結果顯示，現場拌和之砂漿工作性較乾拌之方式差，但強度較佳，凝結時間的再現性較差。當配現場條件須調整粒徑時，當維持所需工作性時，若粒料的細度模數增加時，會因用水量較少而使抗壓強度增加。
本研究建議的MFCAB砂漿配比，可採用水泥和粒料體積比1 : 5、MFCBA取代60 % 天然砂，除應用於無筋構造外，並應考慮所含氯離子是否會擴散影響周邊之金屬材料或含鋼筋結構物。就含MFCAB砂漿的抗壓強度性質而言，除本研究評估可應用於地坪砂漿外，亦具有應用於乾混抹灰水泥砂漿、乾混砌築水泥砂漿、乾混普通防水水泥砂漿及高強度水泥砂漿之潛力，但需針對其他所需性質進一步評估與驗證。
;Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash (MSWI FA) has traditionally been disposed of through landfilling. However, this method not only increases treatment and environmental monitoring costs but is also becoming less viable due to the decreasing availability of landfill space across many municipalities. As a result, alternative and resource oriented treatment approaches are urgently required. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing water washed and stabilized MSWI FA and its derived material MSWI FA Cold Bonded Aggregates (MFCBA) as components in dry-mix mortar. Dry-mix flooring mortar is selected as the primary application target, and a series of experimental evaluations are conducted in four stages:(1) evaluating the effect of partial replacement of cement with MSWI FA on the workability and strength of cement paste,(2) assessing the impact of replacing aggregate with MSWI FA on the properties of dry-mix mortar,(3) examining the influence of MFCBA as a substitute for natural sand in dry-mix mortar,(4) conducting a preliminary simulation of practical application scenarios.
In Stage 1, MSWI FA partially replaced cement to investigate its influence on cement paste properties. The results also serve to evaluate how the MSWI FA content may affect the properties of the resulting MFCBA. The findings revealed that increasing MSWI FA content led to decreased paste strength and higher water demand to maintain consistent workability, indicating that a higher replacement of stabilized MSWI FA results in MFCBA with lower compressive strength.
In Stage 3, MFCBA was used to partially replace natural sand in dry-mix flooring mortar. Water demand was adjusted to achieve standard consistency. The results indicated that under fixed consistency and a constant cement to aggregate volume ratio, the compressive strength variation was minimal across different MFCBA replacement levels. Increasing the MFCBA content enhanced water retention but resulted in shorter setting times.
In Stage 4, practical application issues were preliminarily simulated. The results showed that site mixed mortar exhibited lower workability but higher strength compared to dry-mixed mortar, and the setting time reproducibility was less consistent. When field conditions necessitate adjustments in particle size distribution, increasing the fineness modulus while maintaining target workability reduced water demand and thereby improved compressive strength.
This study recommends a mortar mix design using a cement to aggregate volume ratio of 1 : 5, with 60 % of the natural sand replaced by MFCBA for non-reinforced structural applications. Nevertheless, potential chloride ion diffusion and its effect on surrounding metal components or reinforced structures must be considered. In terms of compressive strength performance, MFCBA containing mortar not only shows promise for flooring mortar but also has potential for use in dry-mix plastering mortar, masonry mortar, waterproof mortar, and high strength mortar. However, further evaluations of other performance characteristics are necessary to confirm its broader applicability. |
