目前國內外廣泛使用多種化學物質，在操作或儲存過程中若因不當管理或意外事故，可能引發化學物質重大災害，對公眾健康及生態系統可能產生嚴重且長期之不良影響，進而帶來龐大的社會成本損失。回顧國內化學災害事故案例，大多因化學品使用與貯存不當，以及在災害初期缺乏有效應變措施所致。同時，化學物質儲存量資訊未能充分揭露，也導致災害規模進一步擴大。 鑑於不同化學物質的危害程度差異，本研究以桃園市中壢區毒性化學物質運作場所為研究範圍，應用ALOHA擴散模擬軟體模擬化學物質洩漏後的危害範圍，結合Surfer三維科學繪圖軟體及地理資訊系統(GIS），製作毒性化學物質洩漏風險潛勢圖，並分析周遭敏感地區的影響程度。本研究成果可提供為災害發生時緊急疏散避難方向的參考，提升災害應變效能，減少化學災害對人員與環境的衝擊。 ;The widespread use of various chemical substances domestically and internationally poses significant risks. Improper management or accidental incidents during the handling or storage of these substances may lead to major chemical disasters, severely impacting human health and ecological environments, and incurring substantial social costs. A review of domestic chemical disaster cases reveals that most incidents result from improper use and storage of chemicals, coupled with inadequate emergency response measures during the early stages of a disaster. Additionally, insufficient disclosure of chemical storage volumes has further exacerbated the scale of these disasters. Considering the varying levels of hazards posed by different chemical substances, this study focuses on facilities handling toxic chemical substances in Zhongli District, Taoyuan City. The ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) dispersion simulation software was utilized to model the impact zones of chemical leaks. Furthermore, the study integrates Surfer 3D scientific plotting software and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to generate risk potential maps for toxic chemical leaks and analyze their impact on surrounding sensitive areas. The findings of this study serve as a reference for emergency evacuation and shelter planning during disasters, thereby enhancing disaster response efficiency and mitigating the impact of chemical accidents on people and the environment.
