鄧豁渠思想研究

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题名:	鄧豁渠思想研究
作者:	林星陽;Lin, Hsing-Yang
贡献者:	中國文學系
关键词:	三教融通;出入世;禪宗;異端;Integration of Three Religions;monasticism and humanistic pragmatism;Chan Buddhism;heterodoxy
日期:	2025-07-21
上传时间:	2025-10-17 11:08:04 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	鄧豁渠，明代四川內江人，其生平與思想交融儒、釋、道三教，展現晚明時期思想多元的特質。本文聚焦於鄧豁渠的生命歷程、思想核心，以及他與其師趙大洲之間微妙的師徒關係，從而深入探討其學說的發展脈絡與歷史定位。鄧豁渠既不滿儒家不捨人倫，亦批判佛教避世空談，反映其思想不單為三教融通，更蘊含個人性的超越。大體上，鄧豁渠的思想，是以「先天」與「後天」二元立場為根本。先天即「性命」，是超脫一切生死輪迴的境界；後天即「天機」，是主宰世間萬物運作的力量，他以「在先天安身，在後天遊戲」作為理想，認為這是人不離世俗卻超越世俗，真正出入自在的生命解答。本論嘗試指出，鄧豁渠思想的價值不在於他是否屬於某一教派，而在於其以身踐道，面對時代與個人困境時，所展現出堅毅的求道精神與深刻反思。透過鄧豁渠的實踐與思想，可見明末思想界潛藏著不被教派束縛、而渴望通達生命本源的深層張力與活力。;Deng Huoqu (鄧豁渠), a native of Neijiang in Sichuan during the Ming Dynasty, had a life and thought that reflected a fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, embodying the diverse intellectual currents and personal spiritual exploration characteristic of the late Ming period. This thesis focuses on Deng Huoqu′s (鄧豁渠) life journey, central concepts, and the subtle master-disciple relationship with his teacher Zhao Dazhou (趙大洲). Thus delving into the development sequence and legacy of his thought. Deng Huoqu (鄧豁渠) was dissatisfied with Confucianism′s attachment to human relations and criticized Buddhism′s reclusion and empty talk, which reflects that his thought not only integrated Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism but also demonstrated personal insights. Generally, Deng Huoqu′s thought is fundamentally rooted in the dual concepts of “pre-heaven” (xiantian 先天) and “post-heaven” (houtian 後天). "Pre-heaven" refers to “life,” a state beyond the control of reincarnation; "post-heaven" refers to "mystery of heaven," the power of governing the operation of all things. He regarded the idea that “people should completely let go of their obsession with the cycle of birth and death, so that their body and mind can fully follow the natural laws of operation” as the ideal, considering this to be the key to understanding life: that people do not depart from the secular but transcend it, thereby truly achieving freedom without any obstacles or restraint. This thesis attempts to point out that the value of Deng Huoqu′s thought lies not in whether he belongs to a particular religious sect, but in his embodiment of practicing what he preached, and the steadfast spirit of seeking truth and profound introspection he displayed when facing the challenges of his era and personal predicaments. Through Deng Huoqu′s life-philosophy and thought, we can see that in the late Ming ideology, there was an inherent tension and vitality that was not bound by sectarian constraints but yearned to reach the essence of life.
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