子貢形象史研究;A Study on the Historical Image of Zigong

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題名:	子貢形象史研究;A Study on the Historical Image of Zigong
作者:	饒俊;Rao, Jun
貢獻者:	中國文學系
關鍵詞:	子貢;端木賜;孔門;儒商;《論語》;《史記》;Zigong;Duanmu Ci;Confucius′ disciple;Confucian merchants;The Analects;Records of the Grand Historian
日期:	2025-07-29
上傳時間:	2025-10-17 11:08:40 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	子貢作為孔門的重要弟子，其形象隨著歷史的演進而不斷被重塑與詮釋。本文旨在探究子貢形象自先秦至清代的歷史演變過程，系統分析不同歷史時期對子貢評價的變遷及其原因。在先秦時期，子貢以其卓越的言辭才能、政治智慧及經商能力，在《論語》及其他諸子典籍中留下了載錄，被孔子視為瑚璉之器。此時期的子貢形象，是孔子門下個性突出、能力多面的優秀弟子代表。秦漢時期，《史記》將子貢塑造為外交巨擘和儒商原型，充分肯定其經商才能與對孔子學說的傳播之功。然而，《漢書》卻認為貨殖獲富造成的貧富差距是社會的不穩定因素，應加以警戒。這種對子貢商人身份的批判，深刻反映了漢代重農抑商的思想。魏晉南北朝至隋唐五代，子貢形象的詮釋更加多元複雜。何晏、皇侃等學者在《論語》注疏中，對子貢「不受命而貨殖」的評價存在分歧，既肯定其經商才能，又批判其逐利之失，唐代韓愈則首次將子貢貨殖解為權變，至此貨殖之事成為子貢形象的重要爭議點。宋明時期，隨著社會經濟的發展，宋代學者如朱熹，雖仍對子貢的商人身份持保留態度，但開始試圖將子貢的經商活動納入儒家道德框架內。明代學者則進一步肯定子貢的經商才能，認為其經商活動與儒家道德並不衝突，甚至將子貢視為儒商典範。清代以降，考據學興盛，學者們對子貢事蹟進行嚴密考辨，試圖還原歷史本相。同時，經世思潮的興起使得子貢的經商才能與政治智慧得到進一步肯定。此時期的子貢形象，既體現了清代學術對歷史人物的客觀評價，也反映了經世思潮對儒家思想的深刻影響。研究發現，子貢形象在歷史長河中經歷顯著變遷，反映不同時代的思想文化特徵及社會經濟結構變遷對歷史人物評價的深刻影響，子貢形象的變遷不僅是歷史人物評價的個案，更是中國思想史發展演變的縮影。 ;As an important disciple of Confucius, Zigong′s image has been constantly reshaped and interpreted with the evolution of history.This paper deeply explores the historical evolution process of Zigong′s image from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and systematically analyzes the changes and reasons of Zigong′s evaluation in different historical periods. In the pre-Qin period, Zigong, with his outstanding rhetoric talent, political wisdom and business ability, left records in the book of The Analects and other classics, and was regarded by Confucius as ritual utensils in the ancestral temple. The image of Zigong in this period is the representative of Confucius′ outstanding disciples with outstanding personality and multifaceted abilities. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Zigong was portrayed as a diplomatic giant and a prototype of Confucian merchant in the book of Records of the Grand Historian. This book fully affirming his business ability and his contribution to the spread of Confucian theory. However, the book Han Shu argues that the gap between the rich and the poor caused by the commercial activities is a social unstable factor, which should be warned. This criticism of Zigong′s merchant status profoundly reflects the the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce" in the Han Dynasty. From Wei Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the interpretation of Zigong′s image was more diverse and complicated. He Yan, Huang Kan and other scholars have different evaluations of Zigong′s behavior that he did not leave his fate to chance, but instead went into business in the commentary on The Analects. They not only affirm his business ability, but also criticize his loss of pursuing profit. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu reinterpreted Zigong′s engagement in commerce as a contingent act. Since then, Zigong′s commercial activities have become a key controversy in shaping his image. During the Song and Ming Dynasties, with the development of social economy, scholars in the Song Dynasty, such as Zhu Xi, still had reservations about Zigong′s merchant status, but began to try to bring Zigong′s commercial activities into the framework of Confucian morality. Ming scholars further affirmed Zigong′s business acumen, arguing that his commercial activities were compatible with Confucian morality. Some even hailed him as a paradigm of the Confucian merchant. Since the Qing Dynasty, textual research has flourished, and scholars have made a rigorous research on Zigong′s deeds, trying to restore the historical truth. At the same time, the rise of the trend of economic thoughts has further affirmed Zigong′s business talent and political wisdom. The image of Zigong in this period not only reflects the objective evaluation of historical figures by academics in Qing Dynasty, but also reflects the profound influence of the trend of thought on Confucianism. It is found that the image of Zigong has undergone significant changes in the long history, reflecting the profound influence of the ideological and cultural characteristics of different times and the changes of social and economic structure on the evaluation of historical figures. The changes of Zigong′s image are not only a case of historical figure evaluation, but also the epitome of the development and evolution of Chinese ideological history.
顯示於類別:	[中國文學研究所] 博碩士論文

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