| 摘要: | 隨著高速鐵路技術的進步，列車運行速度的提升使車-軌-橋動力耦合作用成為影響橋梁結構安全與行車穩定性的關鍵因素。調諧質量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper, TMD)為常見的橋梁減振技術，惟其設計常受限於附加質量大、安裝空間需求高及頻率調諧範圍有限等問題，且其阻尼桿件易受環境變化與使用時間而退化，影響長期效能。為克服上述限制，本研究提出以電磁式慣質阻尼器(Electromagnetic Inerter-based Damper, EMID)取代傳統黏滯性阻尼(Viscous Damper, VD)元件，進一步強化系統之阻尼調控能力。EMID利用滾珠螺桿轉換直線運動為旋轉運動，透過飛輪產生大慣性力，並結合發電機產生可變阻尼力，具輕量化與能量回收潛力。
接著，進一步將EMID與附加質量模組整合，發展為具備勁度、可調慣質與阻尼功能之電磁式慣質調諧質量阻尼器(Electromagnetic Inerter-based Tuned Mass Damper, EMI-TMD)系統，裝設於鐵路橋梁。藉由EMID所提供之額外自由度與慣質與阻尼可調特性，拓展系統之控制頻率範圍，改善傳統TMD易受離頻效應影響。此外，透過飛輪旋轉產生慣性力，使其等效慣性遠超過自身實際質量，實現質量放大效應。此設計可在不增加靜態負荷的前提下提升減振效果，進一步增強減振效能並實現輕量化設計。此外，EMI-TMD能根據橋梁振動狀態與列車運行條件進行動態調整。相比傳統 TMD，其設計克服了頻率調諧受限與環境敏感性問題，使其在不同運行條件下仍能維持高效且穩定的減振性能。
本研究建立EMI-TMD與橋梁結構耦合系統，定義性能指標並分析慣質元件、電磁阻尼與調諧頻率對減振效能之影響。進一步結合列車-軌道-橋梁(Train-Track-Bridge, TTB)耦合模型，進行數值模擬與參數分析，以探討EMI-TMD系統於不同橋梁結構、車型與車速之減振應用潛力。本研究亦針對質量比、頻率比進行最佳參數設計，評估其對減振性能之影響，以確保EMI-TMD系統在不同運行條件下皆能維持高效之減振效果。研究顯示，相較傳統TMD，EMI-TMD系統於附加質量降低超過20%的條件下仍能維持良好之振動控制效能，展現其在輕量化設計之顯著優勢，對未來高速鐵路橋梁減振技術之發展具高度潛力。
;With the advancement of high-speed railway technology, the increasing train velocities have made the dynamic interaction among train, track, and bridge a critical factor affecting the safety and ride comfort of railway bridges. Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) are commonly used for vibration control in bridges. However, conventional TMDs often face limitations such as large additional mass, high space requirements, narrow frequency tuning range, and performance degradation over time due to environmental effects on viscous damper components. To address these issues, this study proposes replacing the traditional viscous damper (VD) with an Electromagnetic Inerter-based Damper (EMID) to enhance damping control capabilities. The EMID converts linear motion into rotational motion via a ball screw mechanism, generating significant inertial force through a flywheel and producing adjustable damping force via an integrated generator, offering both lightweight design and energy harvesting potential.
Further integrating EMID with an auxiliary mass module, an Electromagnetic Inerter-based Tuned Mass Damper (EMI-TMD) system is developed, incorporating stiffness, tunable inertia, and damping properties for application on railway bridges. The additional degrees of freedom and tunability of inertia and damping provided by EMID expand the controllable frequency range and improve stability by mitigating detuning effects commonly observed in traditional TMDs. The flywheel mechanism enables an effective inertial amplification significantly greater than the physical mass, enhancing vibration mitigation without increasing static loads, thus achieving lightweight structural control. Moreover, EMI-TMD can dynamically adapt to bridge vibrations and train operations. Compared to traditional TMDs, the EMI-TMD system overcomes tuning and environmental limitations, maintaining effective and stable vibration control under various operating conditions.
This study establishes a coupled dynamic model of the EMI-TMD and bridge structure, defines performance indices, and investigates the effects of inertial components, electromagnetic damping, and tuning frequency on vibration mitigation. By integrating a Train-Track-Bridge (TTB) coupled system, numerical simulations and parametric analyses are conducted to explore the vibration control potential of EMI-TMD under various bridge types, train configurations, and speeds. Optimal parameter designs for mass ratio and frequency ratio are further proposed and evaluated to ensure effective performance under different operating conditions. Results show that, compared to conventional TMDs, EMI-TMD systems can maintain comparable or superior vibration control effectiveness while reducing the required additional mass by over 20%, demonstrating clear advantages in lightweight design and strong potential for future vibration control applications in high-speed railway bridges. |
