本研究針對台灣高鐵多列車座位配置與指派的最佳化問題進行探討，特別關注如何在乘客需求快速增長和座位資源有限的情況下，提升高鐵座位的利用效率。隨著高鐵運營的普及，尤其是在高峰時段，座位資源的供應不足，導致許多乘客無法在期望的班次中預訂到座位，進而影響其出行體驗與滿意度。本研究提出了一種多列車座位配置與指派最佳化模式，模式考慮了不同類型的票種需求，包括預約票與現場票，並進一步分析跨班次間的溢流行為，針對高鐵系統中常見的需求不均、座位浪費及乘客溢流等問題提出解決方案。 本研究利用數學規劃方法，根據歷史數據進行需求預測，研究中，座位配置過程以多列車系統為基礎，並考慮到乘客需求與座位資源的限制。研究結果顯示，這個模型可以有效地提升座位的利用率，減少資源的浪費，並在高峰時段合理分配座位資源，從而達到最佳的運營效益。通過實證測試與敏感度分析，結果證明，該模式能夠應對不同時段和區間的需求變化，從而顯著提升高鐵的運營效率。此外，本研究對於座位配置策略的調整提供了具體建議，特別是在處理跨列車溢流問題時，如何根據乘客需求變動及不同票種的需求進行合理配置。研究結果顯示，通過合理的座位配置與指派策略，能夠顯著改善乘客的出行體驗，並提升高鐵的整體運營效益。 ;This study examines the optimization of multi-train seat allocation and assignment for Taiwan High Speed Rail, focusing on enhancing seat utilization efficiency amid rapidly growing passenger demand and limited seat resources. With the increasing popularity of Taiwan High Speed Rail services—particularly during peak periods—seat shortages have often prevented passengers from booking seats on their preferred trains, negatively affecting travel experience and satisfaction. To address this challenge, the study proposes an optimization model that incorporates various ticket types, including reserved and on-site tickets, and analyzes cross-train overflow behavior. The model is designed to tackle common issues in the Taiwan High Speed Rail system, such as uneven demand distribution, seat wastage, and passenger overflow. Employing mathematical programming methods and demand forecasts derived from historical data, the proposed model allocates seats across a multi-train system while considering passenger demand and resource constraints. Empirical testing and sensitivity analysis reveal that the model significantly improves seat utilization, reduces resource waste, and enables more efficient allocation during peak hours, thus optimizing operational performance. The study further provides actionable recommendations for seat allocation strategies, particularly in managing cross-train overflow by aligning seat distribution with demand variations and ticket type requirements. Overall, the results indicate that a well-designed seat allocation and assignment strategy can greatly enhance passenger satisfaction and improve the overall operational efficiency of Taiwan High Speed Rail.
