| 摘要: | 隨著全球對永續能源需求日益增加，風力發電已成為降低傳統能源對環境衝擊的
重要解方。目前風力發展以大型風力機組為主，通常設置於風況穩定且空曠的地區，
如平原與大陸棚，以確保穩定的發電效率。然而，大型風機建置與維護成本高昂，且
易受地形、土地利用及風場條件限制，不利於廣泛佈設。相較之下，小型風力發電機
具有建置成本低、佔地面積小、安裝與維護便利等優勢，特別適合應用於都市及建成
環境中。然而，都市風場特性複雜，常見風速降低、風向不穩與湍流增加等現象，將
顯著影響風機的發電效能。
本研究旨在探討建築環境中風場特性對小型風力發電機發電潛力之影響，並建立
一套適用於微尺度風場分析之風機選址評估方法。傳統氣象模式雖廣泛用於中尺度風
場模擬，但因空間解析度不足且目標不同，難以準確描述建築物周圍的微尺度風場變
化。為克服此一限制，本研究採用計算流體力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD）
模擬建築區域之微尺度風場，並以氣象模式所提供的中尺度風場資料作為CFD模擬之
邊界條件。此一整合方法可在缺乏現地監測資料的情況下，有效縮短資料蒐集時間並
降低佈設成本。
本研究選定位於台灣東南方海域的綠島作為研究場域。綠島電力主要由單一火力
發電廠供應，夏季受高溫與觀光人潮雙重影響，面臨季節性電力負載不穩及供電風險。
由於地形起伏大且平地有限，綠島並不適合建置大型風機，但受惠於豐沛的海風資源，
具發展小型風力發電之潛力。研究最終以 Unity 引擎建構互動式三維視覺平台，整合
模擬結果呈現建築物周圍風場特性，輔助選定最適風機設置位置並預估年發電潛力，
提供離島地區再生能源規劃之參考依據。;With the increasing global demand for sustainable energy, wind power has
become a critical solution to mitigating the environmental impacts of
conventional energy sources. Present-day wind energy development
predominantly focuses on large-scale turbines, which are typically installed in
expansive and wind-rich areas such as plains and continental shelves to ensure
stable electricity output. However, the deployment of large turbines is often
constrained by high construction and maintenance costs, as well as limitations
related to terrain, land use, and site-specific wind conditions. In contrast, small
wind turbines offer distinct advantages, including lower installation costs,
reduced spatial requirements, and greater ease of maintenance. These
characteristics make them particularly suitable for urban and built environments.
Nevertheless, urban settings frequently exhibit complex airflow conditions,
characterized by reduced wind speeds, unstable directions, and increased
turbulence, and result in diminished energy conversion efficiency.
This research aims to examine the effects of wind field characteristics
within architectural environments on the performance of small wind turbines
and to establish a site selection methodology tailored for microscale wind field
evaluation. While traditional mesoscale meteorological models are commonly
employed for wind resource assessment, their limited spatial resolution and
differing modeling objectives make them insufficient for accurately capturing
microscale wind variations around buildings. To address this gap, this study
utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate microscale wind flow
patterns, incorporating mesoscale meteorological data as boundary conditions.
This integrated approach helps reduce reliance on extensive in-situ measurements, thereby lowering data acquisition time and costs.
The study site is Lyudao, also known as Green Island, located off the
southeastern coast of Taiwan, where electricity is solely supplied by a single
thermal power plant. During summer, the island experiences increased energy
demand due to rising temperatures and tourism-related load surges, resulting in
seasonal power supply challenges. Owing to its rugged terrain and limited flat
areas, Lyudao is unsuitable for large wind turbine deployment; however, its
abundant coastal wind resources make it a promising candidate for small wind
turbine applications. To support decision-making, an interactive 3D
visualization platform is developed using the Unity engine. This platform
integrates simulation results to illustrate wind field characteristics around
buildings, identify optimal turbine installation sites, and estimate annual power
generation potential. The outcomes of this study provide a reference framework
for the planning and implementation of renewable energy systems on offshore
islands. |
