英治時期香港「家庭主婦化」的菲籍家庭勞工;“Housewifization” of the Filipino Domestic Workers in the British Hong Kong

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題名:	英治時期香港「家庭主婦化」的菲籍家庭勞工;“Housewifization” of the Filipino Domestic Workers in the British Hong Kong
作者:	陳曼晴;Chan, Man-Ching
貢獻者:	亞際文化研究國際學位學程
關鍵詞:	家庭勞工;移工;菲律賓家傭;跨國家務勞動;家庭主婦化;香港研究;Domestic servants;Migrant workers;Filipino helpers;Transnational domestic labour;Housewifization;Hong Kong studies
日期:	2025-07-18
上傳時間:	2025-10-17 11:49:43 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	自1970年代以來，香港經歷了顯著的經濟增長，並逐漸成為全球重要的貿易中心。由於本地家務勞動力短缺以及對家庭照護需求上升，政府於1973年正式合法引進外籍家務勞工。這一轉變使得本地僱主需適應與新僱員之間的文化差異，導致關係上的誤解與衝突。雖然已有學者探討本地僱主與這些主要來自東南亞的外籍勞工之間的複雜關係，然而，這些勞工如何在歷史上被制度化為一種排除在整體勞工保障之外的一種特定勞動形態，仍然是一個較少被深入探討的課題。本論文以霍爾 (Stuart Hall) 的「再現」(Representation) 理論架構與瑪麗亞・米斯 (Maria Mies) 所提出的「家庭主婦化」(Housewifization) 概念為理論基礎，探討菲律賓家務勞工如何被放置在英治時期香港的家庭勞動論述轉變中。透過分析不同的歷史文件，包含報章、政府官方報告與媒體再現，我主張這些勞工在社會和政府的論述中被建構為一種特殊的從屬關係，既承襲了本地「媽姐」所代表的「誠實、忠誠、勤奮」等的想像，又同時被系統性地遮蔽與否定她們作為合約制外籍勞工的身份。因此，本論文旨在探討20世紀末香港社會論述與政府政策論述如何共謀建構菲律賓家務勞動者的文化再現，並創造出一種符合香港家庭需求與經濟發展目標的理想化家務勞動形象。透過分析第一手與第二手歷史資料，包括兩份英文報紙《南華早報》(South China Morning Post) 與《香港英文虎報》(Hong Kong Standard)、多份立法會會議紀錄、主流媒體與過往的研究刊物，本研究嘗試梳理1970年代初期香港家務勞動轉型的複雜性脈絡。本論文不僅聚焦於菲律賓家務勞工主體，更將香港政府管理外籍家務勞工視為重塑戰後跨國家務勞動制度的關鍵視角加以分析。 ;Since the 1970s, Hong Kong has seen significant economic growth and become an important trading centre globally. Due to a shortage of local domestic helpers and the increased demand of domestic care, the government legitimated the recruitment of foreign domestic helpers in 1973. This shift led to challenges for local employers who had to adapt to the cultural differences of their new employees, sometimes causing misunderstandings and conflicts. While several scholars have examined the intricate dynamics between local employers and these foreign helpers who mostly came from the South-east Asia, the deeper question of how these workers were historically institutionalized as a distinct category of labour in Hong Kong remains insufficiently addressed. By drawing on Stuart Hall’s theoretical framework of “Representation” and Maria Mies’s concept of “Housewifization”, this thesis examines how Filipino domestic workers were positioned within the shifting discourses of domestic labour in British Hong Kong. Through the analysis of historical documents, including newspaper, government documents and media representation, I argue that these workers were constructed as a unique form of subordinate servant who inherited the imagined image of local amah of being “honest, loyal and hardworking”, while their status as contract-based migrant labourers was systematically obscured and denied. Thus, my thesis investigates how discourses surrounding Filipino domestic workers in Hong Kong were produced by both societal discourse and governmental policies in the late twentieth century, constructing an idealized form of domestic labour that aligned with the demands of Hong Kong household and the imperatives of economic growth. By analyzing primary and secondary historical sources, including two English language newspaper, “South China Morning Post” and “Hong Kong Standard”, several Hong Kong Legislative Council official reports, mainstream media and previous publication, this research aims to understand the complexities of the transformation of domestic labour in the region that happened in the beginning of 1970. The study does not solely focus on Filipino domestic workers but also considers the importation of migrant workers in Hong Kong as crucial in shaping the post-war system of transnational domestic labour.
顯示於類別:	[亞際文化研究碩士學位學程(台聯大) ] 博碩士論文

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