| 摘要: | 我國自新冠肺炎爆發後，為應對非傳統安全威脅，開始建立PNR（乘客姓名紀錄）系統，以掌握入境旅客的完整行程和相關資訊，進行更有效的邊境防疫控管。然而，PNR系統涉及大量個人敏感資訊的蒐集與利用，牽涉到個人隱私權的保障。本文參考國際法制，透過比較法的視角分析PNR系統的運作模式及其法律規範，探索如何在國家安全需求與個人隱私權保護之間取得適當的平衡，並進一步提出可行的政策修正建議。
本文從比較法研究方法出發，檢視歐盟、美國等國對PNR系統的規範，並比較其隱私權保護機制。研究發現，雖然PNR系統能有效強化國境安全，但其對個人資料的長期儲存、再利用以及與其他資料庫的比對，可能構成對隱私權的嚴重侵害。因此，在法律適用上，我國應參考歐盟《一般資料保護規則》（GDPR）及歐洲法院相關判決，確保PNR系統之蒐集、處理、儲存及利用符合「目的拘束原則」與「比例原則」，以降低對個人權利的侵害。;Since the outbreak of COVID-19, Taiwan has begun establishing a Passenger Name Record (PNR) system to address non-traditional security threats. This system enables authorities to access travelers’ full itineraries and related information for more effective border epidemic prevention and control. However, the PNR system involves the collection and use of a large amount of sensitive personal data, raising significant concerns regarding the protection of individual privacy rights. This paper draws on international legal frameworks and adopts a comparative law perspective to analyze the operational models and legal regulations of PNR systems, aiming to explore how to strike a proper balance between national security needs and the protection of personal privacy. Based on this analysis, the paper further proposes feasible policy recommendations.
Using a comparative legal research method, the study examines the regulations governing PNR systems in the European Union, the United States, and other jurisdictions, with a particular focus on their privacy protection mechanisms. The research finds that while PNR systems can effectively enhance border security, their practices regarding long-term data retention, data reuse, and cross-database matching may result in serious infringements on privacy rights. Therefore, in terms of legal application, Taiwan should refer to the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the relevant rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union to ensure that the collection, processing, storage, and use of PNR data adhere to the principles of purpose limitation and proportionality, thereby minimizing infringements on individual rights. |
