| 摘要: | 本研究探討客語手的動作詞的語義結構、句法行為及其文化意涵。研究透過義素分析、認知語言學隱喻與配價理論，系統性分析客語手的動作詞，並歸納其語義特徵與分類。本研究的主要目的包括：辨識客語手的動作詞的基本語義成分，探討其語義範疇與詞彙間的異同；分析手的動作詞如何反映客家族群的生活方式、價值觀與社會行為；應用認知語言學理論，研究手的動作詞的隱喻現象與概念映射機制；透過配價研究，分析手的動作詞在客語句法中的搭配關係與構詞特性；並比較客語與其他語言的手的動作詞，以探討其在跨文化交流中的語義變化與應用價值。
研究發現，客語手的動作詞在施動部位、施力方式、動作方向與語義擴展等方面展現出獨特的語言特性。這些詞彙在日常生活、社交互動與文化表達中扮演重要角色，並透過隱喻機制映射至抽象概念，反映客家文化的社會價值觀與傳統智慧。此外，手的動作詞的配價結構顯示，客語語法體系中對動作表達的精確性與靈活性，並呈現語言與文化的密切關係。
本研究的結果對於客語詞彙學、語法分析、文化研究與跨語言比較均具有學術價值，並為語言教學、詞典編纂與機器翻譯提供應用參考。未來可進一步探討不同客家方言的變異，並結合語料庫與語音實驗，深入分析語義發展與語法行為的動態變化，以更完整呈現客語手的動作詞的語言特性與文化意涵。;This study explores the semantic structure, syntactic behavior, and cultural implications of hand action verbs in Hakka. Through componential analysis, cognitive linguistic metaphor theory, and valency theory, this research systematically examines Hakka hand action verbs, identifying their semantic features and classification. The main objectives include identifying the fundamental semantic components of Hakka hand action verbs, analyzing their semantic domains and lexical distinctions, investigating how these verbs reflect Hakka people′s lifestyle, values, and social interactions, applying cognitive linguistic theories to examine metaphorical extensions and conceptual mappings, analyzing the syntactic valency and morphological characteristics of these verbs, and conducting cross-linguistic comparisons to explore their semantic variations and applicability in intercultural communication.
Findings reveal that Hakka hand action verbs exhibit unique linguistic characteristics in terms of action locations, force application, movement direction, and semantic extension. These verbs play a crucial role in daily life, social interactions, and cultural expression, often extending metaphorically to abstract concepts, reflecting the social values and traditional wisdom of Hakka culture. Additionally, valency analysis indicates that these verbs demonstrate both precision and flexibility in the Hakka syntactic system, further highlighting the close relationship between language and culture.
This study contributes to Hakka lexicology, syntactic analysis, cultural research, and cross-linguistic studies. The findings provide valuable insights for language teaching, dictionary compilation, and machine translation. Future research may extend to variations across different Hakka dialects, integrating corpus analysis and phonetic experiments to explore the dynamic changes in semantic development and syntactic behavior, thereby offering a more comprehensive understanding of the linguistic and cultural aspects of Hakka hand action verbs. |
