| 摘要: | 在本論文中，我的目的在於探討荀子的政治哲學，並集中分析霸道和王道的關鍵特徵及其轉變的可能性。首先，我指出，即使王道政治被荀子視為理想的政治形態，他並未全然否定霸道的政治價值，而是重新評估霸道政治的規範性意義。在荀子的視角下，霸道政治以「信」為基礎，旨在建立穩定的國家為首要目標，且不特別強調道德教化。另一方面，荀子認為王道政治的基礎在於「義」，並強調「義」、「禮」、「分」和「群」的互動關係。基於此四個概念的互動關係，我試圖說明王道政治下的四個重要統治面向：（一）以「正名」的理論確立政治規範；（二）王道政治以德為本的管治原則；（三）透過「富國」的政制讓人民養欲，以平衡人民需求與道德治理；（四）以「樂」來建立聲譽和培養美德。接著，我試圖回應以下問題：現實而言，霸道政治體制如何能夠轉變為王道政治體制？為此，我探討了荀子的君相共治結構下，君主與宰相的角色。我指出，在理想情況下，君主應如何通過虛壹靜，使心處於穩定狀態以獲致知識，並且能夠以「道」為準則選賢任能。在現實情況下，鑒於缺乏正式的法律機制來限制君主權力，宰相只能透過「諫」逐步影響君主，以防止其淪為暴君。透過這種方式，我試圖論證在理想與現實情境下，霸道邁向王道的過渡的可能性。;In this thesis, I explore Xunzi’s political philosophy, focusing on the features and transformation of hegemony and the kingly way. Although Xunzi views the kingly way as the ideal political model, he does not entirely dismiss the value of hegemony. Instead, Xunzi reinterprets its normative significance. For Xunzi, hegemony is based on trustworthiness (xin 信), which aims to establish political stability rather than moral transformation. In contrast, the kingly way is grounded in righteousness (yi 義) and emphasizes its interaction with three concepts: ritual (li 禮), divisions/distributions (fen 分), and community (qun 群). I also analyze four aspects of kingly governance: (1) setting political norms through correct naming (zheng ming 正名), (2) maintaining virtue-based governance, (3) balancing desires with moral policies, and (4) using music (yue 樂) to build reputation and cultivate virtue. In practical scenario, how can the hegemony transform into the kingly way? Thus, I examine Xunzi’s ruler-prime minister co-governance structure, where the ruler sets a governance model, and the prime minister handles daily affairs. Ideally, the ruler should practice emptiness, single-mindedness, and stillness (xu yi jing 虛壹靜) to make wise political decisions. Practically, since there are no formal legal constraints, the prime minister must use remonstration (jain 諫) to guide the ruler and prevent tyranny. Through out this thesis, I attempt to suggest the possibility of transforming from a hegemonic to a kingly political system in both ideal and practical situation. |
