本研究結果發現，金融包容性指標對銀行穩定性與獲利性存在差異性影響。銀行分行密度普遍降低銀行穩定性與獲利性，而自動櫃員機密度有助提升穩定性但對獲利性影響有限。信用卡普及率呈負向不顯著。每人存款金額與每人放款金額有助於提升銀行穩定性，但對獲利性卻呈現正向但具不穩定性。不同銀行類型間存在顯著異質反應，系統性銀行與公股行庫在金融包容性措施下之穩定性與獲利性表現較弱，反映金融包容性政策需因應銀行屬性差異而調整，方能兼顧金融體系之穩定與永續經營。 ;According to the World Bank, financial inclusion refers to individuals and businesses having access to appropriate and diverse financial products and services at affordable costs. Given its potential to reduce income inequality, promote economic growth, and enhance overall social welfare, financial inclusion has become a key objective actively promoted by the World Bank and policymakers worldwide.This study aims to empirically examine the impact of financial inclusion on the profitability and stability of banking institutions. By utilizing an empirical model and panel data of Taiwanese banks from 2014 to 2023, this research investigates the relationship between financial inclusion indicators and banks’ stability and operational performance.
The empirical findings reveal that financial inclusion indicators exert differential effects on bank stability and profitability. Branch density generally exerts a negative influence on both stability and profitability, while ATM density contributes to enhancing stability but has limited impact on profitability. Credit card penetration shows a negative but statistically insignificant relationship. Moreover, per capita deposit and per capita loan amounts are found to improve bank stability; however, their effects on profitability are positive yet unstable. Significant heterogeneity is observed among different types of banks, with systemically important banks and state-owned banks exhibiting weaker performance in terms of stability and profitability under financial inclusion measures. These results suggest that financial inclusion policies should be tailored to accommodate differences in bank characteristics to balance financial system stability and sustainable banking operations.
