| 摘要: | 近來，自2024年9月中央銀行推出「對金融機構辦理不動產抵押貸款業務規定」，希望可以緩解自2023年以來急速信用擴張的金融市場。其中，面對市場潛在「貸款歧視」問題，本文將針對銀行購屋貸款歧視加以討論分析。
本研究採文獻分析法探討購屋貸款從徵、授信過程規範、主管機關函釋及國內外期刊論文，進而論述購屋貸款歧視問題中不可缺少的議題─「房貸壽險」，接者從購屋貸款「反歧視」中，反思「反歧視法」目前立法發展的近況。當今社會對於反歧視法的規範與實踐仍然有限，平等的想像則被侷限在大法官解釋的形式平等。最後，以美國為借鏡對象，觀察該國現行「平等信用機會法（Equal Credit Opportunity Act, ECOA)」之發展為主，「誠實貸款法（The Truth in Lending Act, TILA) 」、「公平信用報告法（Fair Credit Reporting Act, FCRA)」，並以個案研究法分析美國與我國鄰近之新加坡房屋及授信政策，探討新加坡國內貸款歧視之狀況。觀察歸納之法律、函釋與判決整理後提出見解，以期解決目前立法體系零散與規範內容及範圍不明確等問題，並討論有無借鏡國外經驗之必要，透過G20 所提出之「高層次金融消費者保護原則」，就保障金融消費者公平與合理權益之原則，擬定相應政策建議。
;Recently, in September 2024, the central bank introduced the seventh wave of selective credit controls, considered the most stringent regulatory measure in history. This measure seeks to mitigate the rapid credit expansion in the financial market, which has been growing swiftly since 2023, particularly in the real estate loan sector across domestic banks. Given the potential issues of discrimination in the market, this study focuses on discrimination in mortgage lending by banks.
This research examines mortgage lending regulations, starting from the credit assessment and loan approval processes, and discusses a crucial issue within mortgage discrimination—mortgage life insurance. From the perspective of anti-discrimination in mortgage lending, the study will analyze recent developments in anti-discrimination legislation. At present, society’s regulations and enforcement of anti-discrimination laws remain limited, with the concept of equality largely confined to formal equality, as interpreted by constitutional justices.
Furthermore, this study will compare housing and credit policies in Taiwan and Singapore to explore potential mortgage discrimination issues in Singapore. Additionally, it will examine the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) in the United States as a reference for Taiwan.
By synthesizing these findings, the study aims to provide insights and solutions to address the fragmented legislative framework and the unclear scope of current regulations. Based on the G20 High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion, which advocate for the fair and reasonable treatment of financial consumers throughout the financial services transaction process, this study will propose relevant policy recommendations. |
