| 摘要: | 本論文借用產業經濟學結構、行為和績效的架構 S-C-P（Structure-Conduct-Performance）模型，針對台灣印刷電路板產業進入泰國市場的經營條件與發展潛力進行深入分析，從基本條件、市場結構、政府政策、廠商行為及市場績效五大面向切入，探討台商在泰國市場的機會與挑戰。
研究結果指出，泰國具備良好的地理優勢及完善的基礎建設，為台商布局東南亞提供良好條件。然而，泰國正面臨人口老化與少子化問題，年輕勞動力短缺未來將成為產業發展的重要挑戰，尤其對於勞力密集且技術門檻高的印刷電路板產業影響甚鉅。
泰國政府積極推動「泰國4.0」政策及透過投資促進委員會（BOI）等機制，吸引外資進入高科技製造業，提供稅賦優惠、進口設備減免及外籍勞工政策彈性等優勢，有效降低設廠與營運成本。此外，泰國對環保與職業安全設有嚴格法規，印刷電路板廠商需高度重視環境管理與合規生產，符合國際標準如RoHS、REACH及ISO 14001，以強化市場競爭力與客戶信賴。
市場結構方面，泰國以中階印刷電路板產品為主，雖具成長潛力，但仍面臨來自中國及越南等鄰近國家的激烈競爭。台灣廠商在泰國投資策略上，已逐漸強化技術導入、自動化生產及環保綠色製程，並透過本地化管理優化與因應泰國文化與人力資源特性，提升生產效率及企業形象。
整體而言，泰國具備成為東南亞印刷電路板產業重鎮的潛力，未來隨著電動車、5G及AI等新興產業帶動高階印刷電路板需求，將帶來產業升級契機。然而，台灣業者宜持續關注泰國勞動力結構變化、政策調整及環保壓力等潛在風險，並強化風險管理與技術升級能力，方有機會掌握東南亞市場重構下的發展機會，以維持長期競爭力與永續經營。
;This report uses the S-C-P (Structure-Conduct-Performance) model to conduct an in-depth analysis of the operating conditions and development potential of Taiwan′s printed circuit board (PCB) industry entering the Thailand market. It focuses on five aspects: basic conditions, market structure, government policies, manufacturer behavior, and market performance, and comprehensively explores the opportunities and challenges for Taiwanese companies in the Thai market. The research results show that Thailand has good geographical advantages and complete infrastructure, providing good conditions for Taiwanese businessmen to expand into Southeast Asia. However, Thailand is facing the problems of an aging population and a declining birthrate. The shortage of young labor will become a major challenge to industrial development in the future, especially for the labor-intensive and technologically advanced printed circuit board industry.
The Thailand government actively promotes the "Thailand 4.0" policy and uses mechanisms such as the Board of Investment (BOI) to attract foreign investment into high-tech manufacturing, providing tax incentives, exemptions on imported equipment, and flexible foreign labor policies, effectively reducing factory establishment and operating costs. In addition, Thailand has strict regulations on environmental protection and occupational safety. PCB manufacturers need to attach great importance to environmental management and compliant production, and comply with international standards such as RoHS, REACH and ISO 14001 to enhance market competitiveness and customer trust.
In terms of market structure, Thailand is dominated by mid-range PCB products. Although it has growth potential, it still faces fierce competition from neighboring countries such as China and Vietnam. In terms of investment strategies in Thailand, Taiwanese manufacturers have gradually strengthened technology introduction, automated production, and environmentally friendly green processes, and have improved production efficiency and corporate image through localized management optimization and adaptation to Thai culture and human resource characteristics.
Overall, Thailand has the potential to become a major PCB industry center in Southeast Asia. In the future, as emerging industries such as electric vehicles, 5G and AI drive the demand for high-end PCBs, it will bring opportunities for industrial upgrading. However, Taiwanese businesses need to continue to pay attention to potential risks such as changes in Thailand’s labor structure, policy adjustments, and environmental pressures, and strengthen risk management and technology upgrading capabilities in order to seize development opportunities under the restructuring of the Southeast Asian market and ensure long-term competitiveness and sustainable operations. |
