| 摘要: | 隨著線上學習領域的迅速成長與市場需求的不斷提升，越來越多的平台積極提
供多樣化的課程與學習資源，然而學習者因為線上課程缺乏互動性導致參與度不足，
進而影響其學習表現與任務完成品質，不僅會降低課程的整體完成率，也可能進一
步影響平台使用者的付費意願與續課行為，因此已成為線上學習平台亟待解決的重
要挑戰。本研究旨在探討遊戲化設計元素（如積分、等級、徽章或排行榜）如何影
響學習者的目標設定及學習表現，在線上學習平台中，這些元素常被整合至系統功
能中，並透過即時回饋與進度可視化的方式呈現，以協助學習者建立學習目標。然
而，若遊戲化設計元素過度強調競爭與外在獎勵，將可能促使學習者過度追求短期
表現或立即性成果，進而忽略與個人需求或學習目的的內在連結，導致目標失衡，
最終影響學習表現。因此，本研究從目標設定理論中延伸出新的觀點，並同時分析
目標的具體性、困難性、相關性與價值性對學習表現的影響，相較於過往研究多聚
焦於目標的具體性與困難性，本研究進一步強調目標是否具有個人意義與長期價值，
藉此補足理論對目標意義性面向的不足，並深化其在線上學習情境中的應用。本研
究透過雙波段的網路問卷調查，並使用結構方程模型分析遊戲化設計元素、目標設
定與學習表現之間的關係。研究結果強調「有意義的目標」（即目標的相關性與價
值性）對學習表現的重要性，進一步擴展了目標設定理論在線上學習情境中的應用，
並確認目標相關性與目標價值性為關鍵中介機制。此一理論發現不僅拓展了目標設
定理論的適用範疇，也為線上學習平台提供具體設計建議，有助於透過遊戲化設計
提升學習者的學習成效，同時促進平台的永續發展。;With the rapid growth of online learning, many platforms are offering diverse courses and resources. However, limited interaction often leads to low learner engagement, which
negatively affects learning performance and task completion, posing a major challenge for platform sustainability. This study examines how gamified design elements (e.g., points,
levels, badges, leaderboards) influence learners’ goal setting and learning performance. These elements are often integrated into system features through immediate feedback and
progress visualization to support goal formation. Yet, when gamification overemphasizes competition and extrinsic rewards, learners may focus on short-term outcomes, neglecting the alignment between goals and personal meaning, resulting in goal imbalance and reduced performance. To address this, the study extends goal setting theory by analyzing the impact of four goal characteristics—specificity, difficulty, relevance, and value—on learning performance. While past studies have focused on specificity and difficulty, this research highlights the importance of relevance and value in forming meaningful goals. Using a two-wave online survey and structural equation modeling, results show that goal
relevance and value significantly mediate the relationship between gamified elements and learning performance. These findings not only enrich goal setting theory but also offer
practical design insights for enhancing online learning outcomes through meaningful gamification. |
