利用衛星和氣象資料評估臺灣內陸和離岸的潛在風能發電場和太陽能發電板地點;Utilizing Satellite and Meteorological Data to Evaluate Potential Wind Farm and Photovoltaic Panel Sites Inland and Offshore Taiwan

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题名:	利用衛星和氣象資料評估臺灣內陸和離岸的潛在風能發電場和太陽能發電板地點;Utilizing Satellite and Meteorological Data to Evaluate Potential Wind Farm and Photovoltaic Panel Sites Inland and Offshore Taiwan
作者:	王誌延;Wang, Chih-Yen
贡献者:	遙測科技碩士學位學程
关键词:	離岸風能;太陽能;多衛星;氣象資料
日期:	2025-07-11
上传时间:	2025-10-17 12:48:42 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本研究利用多項衛星遙測資料與哥白尼再分析資料，評估2015年至2024年間臺灣周邊的離岸風能與陸域太陽能光電潛勢區，並提出考量時空特性與環境限制的選址建議。研究整合了來自ASCAT、SSM/I、AMSR-2、GMI及SMAP等五套10公尺高度海面風場資料，並與中央氣象署四座浮標觀測資料進行比對，最高相關係數達0.97，顯示衛星風速資料具有良好準確性，可供後續分析使用。在太陽能評估方面，臺灣本島部分使用Himawari-8/9的太陽短波輻射產品，結合ERA5所提供的2公尺高度地面氣溫資料來計算光電輸出功率，並與中央氣象署25個地面觀測站的全天空太陽輻射量比對，其中多數平地測站的相關係數超過0.94，顯示衛星資料亦適用於臺灣大多數區域之太陽能評估。本研究依據每月九年平均值與年標準差，建立一套以權重指數化的評估方式。在風能部分，最高權重集中於澎湖北方的臺灣海峽，冬季海拔100公尺高度的風功率密度最高可達每平方公尺1500瓦，且水深小於50公尺，適合建置定樁式離岸風力發電機。相較之下，西南部外海受到尾流與弱風區影響，權重加總與近十年變化趨勢皆偏低，不適合大規模離岸風電開發。在太陽能方面，權重加總最高的區域呈東西向分布，主要位於雲林、嘉義沿海平原及花蓮地區，夏季平均太陽短波輻射超過每平方公尺270瓦。雖然山區部分地點具有高輻射量，但因交通與建設條件不利，不利於大規模開發。綜合各項環境條件，最適合風力發電開發的位置為澎湖群島周邊。根據本研究的評估結果，前十大風力潛勢區中，有六處位於澎湖附近，分別為第1、2、5、6、7與第10名，其中心位置約為北緯23.28度、東經119.31度。該六處的月平均10公尺高海面風速介於每秒8.1公尺至8.6公尺之間，風功率密度介於每平方公尺722瓦至839瓦之間。最適合太陽能發電的區域則位於嘉義與雲林兩縣，根據評估結果，前十大潛勢區中有七處位於此兩地，位置約在北緯23.45度至23.65度、東經120.15度至120.45度之間，月平均太陽短波輻射介於每平方公尺210.7~271.2瓦之間，太陽能發電功率介於每平方公尺19.6瓦至22.3瓦之間。;This study utilizes multi-satellite remote sensing data and Copernicus reanalysis datasets to assess the offshore wind and onshore solar photovoltaic energy potential around Taiwan from 2015 to 2024. It also provides siting recommendations that consider spatiotemporal characteristics and environmental constraints. Five satellite-derived 10-meter wind datasets—ASCAT, SSM/I, AMSR-2, GMI, and SMAP—were validated against wind observations from four Central Weather Administration buoys, achieving a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.97. This confirms the reliability of satellite wind data for research analysis. For evaluating solar energy over Taiwan′s main island, the study utilizes shortwave radiation products from Himawari-8/9 satellites, combined with 2-meter air temperature data from ERA5, to estimate photovoltaic output power. These results were compared with all-sky solar radiation measurements from 25 ground stations, showing correlation coefficients exceeding 0.94 at most lowland sites, indicating the suitability of the satellite data for solar analysis across most of Taiwan. The study adopts a weighted index approach based on the 9-year monthly means and annual standard deviations. For wind energy, the highest weights are concentrated in the Taiwan Strait north of Penghu. In winter, wind power density at 100 meters height reaches up to 1,500 W/m², and the water depth is less than 50 meters, making the area suitable for fixed-foundation offshore wind turbines. In contrast, the southwestern offshore region is influenced by wake and weak wind zones, resulting in lower cumulative weights and long-term trends, making it less favorable for large-scale offshore wind development. For solar energy, the highest weighted regions align east-west, mainly across the coastal plains of Yunlin, Chiayi, and parts of Hualien. Summer shortwave radiation exceeds 270 W/m² in these areas. Although some mountainous regions receive high levels of radiation, they are often excluded from large-scale development due to the difficulty of access and infrastructure constraints. Considering multiple environmental factors, the most favorable areas for wind power development are around the Penghu Islands. Based on the evaluation results of this study, six of the top ten offshore wind energy potential sites are located near the Penghu Islands, specifically ranked 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 10th. The central coordinates of these sites are approximately 23.28°N and 119.31°E. The monthly mean 10-meter wind speed over the ocean surface at these locations ranges from 8.1 to 8.6 m/s, with wind power density ranging from 722 to 839 W/m². The most suitable areas for solar power development are located in Chiayi and Yunlin counties. According to the evaluation, seven of the top ten solar energy potential sites are within these two counties, approximately between 23.45°N and 23.65°N and 120.15°E and 120.45°E. The monthly average shortwave solar radiation in these areas ranges from 210.7 to 271.2 W/m², while the estimated solar power output ranges from 19.6 to 22.3 W/m².
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