| 摘要: | 南直隸金山衛屬於明代眾多衛所之一，依地理位置及制度分類屬於沿海衛所，是一處保障明帝國富庶的蘇松及浙江等地的重要衛所。沿海衛所設置的目的為防禦「倭寇」，因此金山衛亦為海防體制的一部份。
從金山衛所城池歷朝修建到軍士官兵人數消長，可見金山衛所的基本狀態。並由居住於衛所城的軍民的生活，得以窺見軍民從軍兵操練、衛學教育、軍屯賦稅及漕運生產等，此種種事項不但是其日常生活，亦為服務並完備帝國的義務，也影響著帝國的國防安全。金山衛的防衛成效，以海防為主要任務，金山衛在海防策略及官制變革中，持續發揮其效用。明末受到清軍侵略時，金山衛城指揮使等將官仍積極抵抗，展現其應有的防衛職責及對明朝的忠勇之心。
終明一代，衛所制度及海防制度均因應時間及社會變動，不斷做出應對及變革，金山衛則在兩個制度相互影響下做出反應。本文以金山衛所為研究對象，以制度史及軍事史視角交互探析，為明代衛所制及海防體制的縮影，但不論各項制度如何改變，金山衛仍為重要的國防單位。
;Jinshan Guard（金山衛） in Southern Zhili（直隸） was one of the many weisuo（衛所） (military guard posts) established under the Ming dynasty. Classified as a coastal garrison, it played a vital role in defending the empire’s prosperous regions of Suzhou（蘇州）, Songjiang（松江）, Zhejiang（浙江）. The coastal guard system was created primarily to counter the threat of wokou（倭寇） (“Japanese pirates”), and Jinshan Guard functioned as an integral part of this maritime defense network.
The development of Jinshan Guard can be traced through the construction of its fortress, fluctuations in troop strength, and the everyday lives of its military households. Activities such as training, education in the guard school, military farming, taxation, and grain transport reveal how the soldiers and their families not only sustained their livelihoods but also fulfilled obligations to the empire, directly shaping its defensive capacity. Maritime defense remained the guard’s primary mission, and despite ongoing institutional reforms, it continued to serve as an active component of coastal strategy. At the end of the Ming, Jinshan’s commanders resisted the Qing invasion, embodying both their defensive duty and loyalty to the dynasty.
Throughout the Ming period, the weisuo system and maritime defense system evolved in response to shifting political and social conditions, and Jinshan Guard adapted accordingly. Viewed through the lenses of institutional and military history, it stands as a microcosm of these broader systems, while consistently remaining an important unit of national defense.
Keywords: Jinshan Guard, weisuo system, maritime defense, military households, Southern Zhili |
