馬來西亞中馬客粵方言音韻研究;A PHONOLOGY STUDY OF HAKKA AND CANTONESE DIALECT IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

NCU Institutional Repository > 客家學院 > 客家語文研究所 > 博碩士論文 > Item 987654321/98785

請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/98785

題名:	馬來西亞中馬客粵方言音韻研究;A PHONOLOGY STUDY OF HAKKA AND CANTONESE DIALECT IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
作者:	賴俊企;LAI, JUN QI
貢獻者:	客家語文暨社會科學學系客家語文碩士班
關鍵詞:	馬來西亞漢語方言;客家話;廣府話;語言接觸;優勢腔;Malaysian Chinese dialects;Hakka dialect;Cantonese dialect;language contact;dominant accents
日期:	2025-08-04
上傳時間:	2025-10-17 14:56:13 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本文以馬來西亞半島中部（中馬）的客家話優勢腔及廣府話優勢腔爲研究對象，著重分析音韻，梳理兩種優勢腔的聲韻調系統，調查範圍涵蓋中馬雪蘭莪、霹靂、森美蘭、彭亨四州屬。文章透過歷時角度與中古音韻做比較，探索兩種方言優勢腔各自的古今演變，也透過共時角度揭示兩種方言優勢腔在離開原鄉以後，經過百餘年的接觸之下產生的變化，涵蓋了聲母、韻母、聲調等各方面。有別於過往研究，我們嘗試以宏觀的角度調查大面積地理性的語言分析，結合當地華人方言社會結構及語言接觸等脈絡，一一探討各種客、粵方言相互牽制的音變問題及過程。我們在第一章的緒論中帶出了優勢腔的論述對馬來西亞漢語方言研究的必要性。說明現有的研究架構尚未出現全面性的調查成果，而結合海外華人方言社會結構、移民史、語言接觸、地理分佈等因素或方向更是少只有少。優勢腔的論述是基於馬來西亞鄉鎮地區以方言群為聚落的社會模式進一步而提出，且跨方言群、年齡層的概念，是嘗試涉略異質性研究的開端。我們在第二節以歷史概述的形式說明四個州屬並論是基於相似的歷史背景及社會面貌，以客家幫和廣府幫在錫礦業常年的競爭展開到現如今兩大方言群的語言競爭。第二章的文獻回顧可分爲四個部分討論，分別是語言接觸、方言定位及價值、語言競爭、及馬來西亞半島方言群分佈。本章進一步解釋優勢腔並非是純粹的「海外變體」，另外我們也嘗試跳出整理一套「規範化」音系的方式來切入本文的研究。我們把有關於馬來西亞漢語方言語言接觸的文獻分爲三類，透過三種分類看出馬來西亞漢語方言研究的不同階段。從純粹與原鄉方言做比較的定點式研究，這類研究往往納入共時層面的考慮一些語音及詞彙現象；第二類則是透過與非本族語言做比較發現馬來西亞漢語方言與原鄉有不少差別的研究，在處理外來詞彙時候已經跳脫了原本的漢語方言學框架；第三類結合共時及歷時層面的的研究，這類研究即考慮到語言接觸，同時也發現當地方言已有融合的跡象。第二、三部分是有關社會語言學的方言的地位及價值，和語言競爭。我們想帶入的觀點是，客家話優勢腔及廣府話優勢腔的語言地位及價值是不對等的，致使客家方言群在早年已轉用廣府方言的事實，所以粵客方言的音系中都有彼此的踪影。而這類透過接觸而移借的詞彙、語音特色是極度缺乏本地學者所支持和研究的。第四類則是有關方言群分佈的相關研究，說明中馬四州的客粵方言群比例不同於北馬、南馬、東海岸等地，其語言景觀還自成一格。加上粵客方言群在此區域的高度重疊分佈，是我們提出優勢腔論述的前提。我們在第三章梳理了中馬客家話通行腔及廣府話的語音系統，包含聲母、韻母、聲調、變調。並在第四章以歷時研究的方向，同中古音韻作比較，分析聲母及韻母的古今演變。每個字母、韻攝今讀都會一一列出。第五章主要談及中馬客家話優勢腔及廣府話優勢腔的語音變化課題，以語言接觸爲主，涵蓋了韻攝的分合、聲母及韻母的組合能力變化、聲調簡化等變異，以小專題的形式展開。第一節主要是關於客家話優勢腔的音變研究，我們以止攝韻三套韻母開章，先以歷史語言學的角度探討止攝u元音的來源及層次，確認了該韻母是產生於舌尖元音之後的。第二步再做一個平面的比較，透過大量的資料收集以語言地理學的方法呈現出客家方言止攝韻格局的面貌，讓我們得以確認這種韻母格局的來源及輻射範圍，確保他不是在落地生根以後的異變。最後，我們才是探討中馬客家話優勢腔在當地的變異機制，並考慮到語言轉用及語言接觸的可能性，列出中馬客家話優勢腔的止攝韻韻母類型地圖。後續有關聲母、韻母、介音的分析都按照上述三步分析。本章另一亮點在於，我們透過聲學測量和語料蒐集，發現客家話通行腔的上聲調和陰平調有合併的趨勢。第二節是關於廣府話優勢腔的音變研究，我們透過一系列的元音、介音組合能力增減及變異、以及陽上歸陰去的聲調簡化，發現大量客家方言群在語言轉用後留下的「痕跡」，足以說明雙管齊下的必要性，只有這樣才能透徹地分析這類音變。我們在第三節嘗試以吉隆坡和怡保兩地廣府話通行腔爲例，透過數項詞彙選擇及詞彙的語音變化的例子說明「你中有我、我中有你」的語言系統。同時也以構詞要素的分析，粗略地討論詞彙來源的分析方法，再引申到詞彙形式的轉變和語音變化上的動機和原因是相似的，結合前兩節的案例，總結粵客方言優勢腔相互影響的義項。本文採取共時比較和歷時比較相結合的方式，以多點、區域性的方式對馬來西亞漢語粵客方言進行研究。就目前所能察覺到的語音變化問題進行歸納整理，提出新的視角。希望本文的研究方法對欲要深入了解馬來西亞漢語方言，或是了解馬來西亞的客家話或廣府話的人都有幫助。 ;This paper focus on analyses the phonology of the Hakka dialect and Cantonese dialect of Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang states in the Peninsular Malaysia. We use a diachronic approach to explore the evolution of the dominant accents of the two dialects in the past and present, and then through a synchronic approach, we explore the various phonological variations of the two dialects that have arisen as a result of the language contact. Our attempt to present the phonological systems of the two dialects in a “dominant accents” is justified by the fact that most speakers of the Chinese dialects of Malaysia are not restricted to one dialect group, especially in the more densely populated West Malaysia, and by the fact that the distribution of the Hakka and Cantonese dialect groups almost overlaps with each other. In Chapter 1, we introduce the necessity of discussing the concept of “dominant accents” in the study of Chinese dialects in Malaysia. It is stated that the existing research framework has not yet produced a comprehensive survey, and there are even fewer factors or directions that incorporate the social structure, migration history, language contact, and geographic distribution of the overseas Chinese dialects. The notion of a dominant accent is proposed based on the settlement model in Malaysian towns, where communities are organized by dialect groups. The concept, which crosses both dialect and age boundaries, marks an entry point into heterogeneity-focused research. The literature review in Chapter 2 can be divided into four parts, namely, language contact, dialect positioning and value, language competition, and the distribution of dialect groups in the Peninsular Malaysia. This chapter further explains that the dominant accent is not simply an “language variant”, and that we have attempted to go beyond the compilation of a standardised phonology to approach this paper. We have categorised the literature on linguistic contact with Malaysian Chinese dialects into three types, which indicate the different stages of research on Malaysian Chinese dialects. The second and third parts are about the status and value of dialects and language competition in sociolinguistics. We would like to bring in the point that the status and value of the dominant dialects of Hakka and Cantonese are unequal, which has led to the fact that the Hakka dialect group has already switched to the Cantonese dialect in the early years of the Hakka dialect group, and so the phonological families of the Cantonese and Hakka dialects have traces of each other. This kind of vocabulary and phonological features borrowed through contact is extremely lacking in support and research by local scholars. The fourth category is related to studies on the distribution of dialect groups, which illustrates that the proportion of Hakka-Cantonese dialect groups in the four states of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang states is different from that of Northern Malaysia, Southern Malaysia, and the East Coast, and that their linguistic landscapes are also self-contained. This, coupled with the highly overlapping distribution of Cantonese and Hakka dialect groups in this region, is a prerequisite for our advantageous cavity thesis. In Chapter 3, we have reviewed the phonological systems of the Malaysian Hakka dialect and the Cantonese dialect, including consonants, rhymes, tones, and modulations. In Chapter 4, we analyse the ancient and modern evolution of consonants and rhymes by comparing them with those of ancient and Chinese phonology in the direction of diachronic research. Chapter 5 focuses on the phonological changes in the dominant accents of the Hakka and Cantonese dominant accents, with language contact as the main theme, covering such variations as the division and combination of vowels, changes in the combining ability of vowels and rhymes, and the simplification of tones, in the form of a mini-topic.
顯示於類別:	[客家語文研究所] 博碩士論文

文件中的檔案:

檔案	描述	大小	格式	瀏覽次數
index.html		0Kb	HTML	21	檢視/開啟

在NCUIR中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.

社群 sharing

資料載入中.....