土壤吸力對緩衝材料飽和行為之影響及模擬研究

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李宛諭(Wan-Yu Li) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

土壤吸力對緩衝材料飽和行為之影響及模擬研究
(The Influence of Soil Suction on the Saturation Behavior of Buffer Material)

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摘要(中)

隨著科技工業發展，核能為多數先進國家主要供電來源，對於核廢料之處置，國際間多以深地層處置進行最終處置。其中，緩衝材對於處置場的成敗扮演關鍵性角色，當緩衝材受到地下水與廢料衰變熱之影響，其行為所產生耦合效應，將對近場環境帶來重大影響，故本研究模擬緩衝材料受水份滲透及溫度升高的影響，進行實驗與數值模擬。文中分別進行日興土及BH膨潤土在25℃、40℃及60℃下進行濾紙法試驗與攝取水試驗，探討溫度變化下緩衝材之水分特性曲線與飽和度之變化。並利用實驗所得之參數，應用ABAQUS進行程式模擬。
結果顯示BH膨潤土持水能力較日興土佳，且土壤吸力隨環境溫度升高而降低。試體受到水份入侵時，其飽和度隨時間增長而趨近飽和，飽和時間與緩衝材厚度平方成正比，且溫度越高其飽和速率愈快，而BH膨潤土飽和速率較慢。不論吸力或飽和速率，BH膨潤土受溫度影響均較日興土小。程式模擬結果多與實驗值趨勢相近，考慮材料參數之影響的研究發現，當膠體含量與膠體回脹倍率增加時，會使滲透係數降低，導致飽和速率降低及孔隙比減小，而滲透係數與土壤－水分特性曲線越大，其試體飽和速率愈快。

摘要(英)

With scientific and technological industrial development, nuclear energy supply the power source mainly for most advanced country. For final disposal of nuclear wastes, most countries adopted the deep geological disposal. Among the engineering barriers, buffer material is considered the key role to the success of deep geological disposal. As the buffer material will be influenced by groundwater intrusion and decay heat generated by the waste material, the coupling effects will bring great impacts on near-field environments. This study simulates the buffer material as affected by the permeation of moisture and temperature increases, using experimental and numerical techniques. Soil suction of Zhisin clay and Black Hill (BH) bentonite were determined using filter paper method and water uptake tests were conducted on the 2 bentonites at 25℃, 40℃ and 60℃.
The results show that soil suction of BH bentonite is higher than that of Zhisin clay. And soil suction was found to increase as the temperature decreases. In the saturation processes, the degree of saturation of bentonite increases with increasing time, and the higher the temperature is, the faster the specimen reaches saturation. Both soil suction and the rate of saturation speed for BH bentonite are less affected by temperature than Zhisin clay. Results of numerical simulation on water uptake test were found to close to the experimental observations. Increase in the gel content and gel swelling rate will cause reduction in hydraulic conductivity. And thus cause the rate of saturation to reduce.

關鍵字(中)

★ 飽和程序
★ 土壤－水分特性曲線
★ 緩衝材料

關鍵字(英)

★ Buffer material
★ Soil Water Characteristic Curve
★ Saturation processes

論文目次

摘要 I
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XIV
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的與內容 3
第二章文獻回顧 6
2.1 高放射性廢棄物的處理 6
2.2 緩衝材的功能與效應 8
2.3 不飽和土壤的組成 13
2.4 土壤吸力理論與水分特性曲線 17
2.4.1土壤吸力理論 17
2.4.2 基質吸力 19
2.4.3土壤水分特性曲線 23
2.5 深地層處置場受地下水入侵與THMC耦合作用之影響 27
2.5.1深地層處置場受地下水入侵之影響 27
2.5.2 THMC耦合作用之影響 28
2.6 THMC相關研究 36
2.6.1熱學模擬 36
2.6.2水力模擬 37
2.6.3機械模擬 38
2.6.4化學傳輸模擬 38
第三章試驗方法與程式模擬 40
3.1 緩衝材基本物理性質 40
3.1.1 BH膨潤土 40
3.1.2 日興土 40
3.2 濾紙法量測方法 42
3.2.1濾紙法理論背景 43
3.2.2 濾紙法校正 44
3.2.3 濾紙法量測土壤吸力 49
3.3 土壤－水分特性曲線試驗設計 52
3.4 攝取水試驗 57
3.4.1攝取水試體製作 57
3.4.2單向度攝取水試驗 58
3.5 管柱試驗 59
3.5.1 試驗設計 59
3.5.2 試驗方法 60
3.5.3 滲透係數 62
3.6 程式基礎理論 63
3.6.1 有效應力理論( effective stress theory ) 63
3.6.2 組成行為(constitutive behavior) 64
3.6.2.1 水反應(liquid response) 65
3.6.2.2 顆粒反應(grains response) 65
3.7 質量守恆(mass conservation) 69
3.7.1 連續方程式 69
3.8 孔隙水流特性 71
3.8.1 滲透係數(permeability) 71
3.8.2 土壤－水份特性曲線 72
3.8.3 回脹膠體(swelling gel) 74
3.8.4 水份回脹(moisture swelling) 75
3.9 元素網格與邊界條件 75
3.10 輸入參數 77
3.10.1 滲透係數 77
3.10.2 土壤－水份特性曲線 78
3.10.3材料性質 78
3.11 分析軟體 80
第四章結果與分析 82
4.1 管柱試驗 82
4.2 濾紙法試驗 84
4.2.1 濾紙法校正結果 84
4.2.2 土壤－水分特性曲線 87
4.2.3 使用推估模式 91
4.2.4 溫度與吸力值之關係 95
4.3 攝取水試驗 99
4.4 程式模擬 113
4.4.1 套用MX-80材料參數模擬 113
4.4.2 推估緩衝材參數 116
4.4.2.1 推估日興土材料參數 116
4.4.2.2 推估BH膨潤土材料參數 127
4.4.3 土壤－水分特性曲線之敏感度分析 132
4.4.3.1 土壤－水份特性曲線斜率 133
4.4.3.2 進氣壓力值 136
4.5 案例分析 138
4.5.1模型建立 139
4.5.2 分析結果 142
4.6 分析模式改善 145
第五章結論與建議 149
5.1 結論 149
5.2建議 150
參考文獻 152

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指導教授

黃偉慶(Wei-Hsing Huang)

審核日期

2007-7-18

推文