越庫作業區之出貨端相關作業問題探討

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黃亦莉(Yi-li Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

越庫作業區之出貨端相關作業問題探討

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摘要(中)

由於國家受全球化的影響且網路科技迅速發展，使市場競爭日趨激烈，因此物流產業為了因應這種變化，必須找出更有效率的作業模式，以符合消費市場的需求，並提供顧客更高的服務水準與品質。因此若是能使用恰當的作業策略來降低從進貨到出貨的作業時間與成本，這對提升物流中心的運作效率將有非常顯著之影響。
越庫作業為物流作業中的一種策略，是指在越庫設施上接收各供應商的整車貨物後，立即依顧客需求加以拆解、分類及堆放，最後裝上前來載取的卡車，送往顧客所要求的交貨地點；其中，所有品項均不需進貨檢驗，也不需儲存於物流中心。如此便可使品項從進貨到出貨的時間最小化，因此越庫作業特別適合需要快速處理的緊急訂單，且適合須將商品直接送到零售商的情況。
本研究針對使用配銷商型越庫（Distributor Cross Docking）之物流中心所延伸出的三種決策問題進行探討，分別為訂單選取問題、理貨區儲存格分配問題，與理貨區服務問題，並分別提出相對應的訂單選取法則、理貨區儲存格分配法則，與理貨區服務法則，再利用模擬實驗所得到的數據，比較在此環境下揀貨作業的準時率、總延後時間（Total Tardiness）、總系統執行時間（Total System Time）與總理貨旅行距離，以判斷哪種因子組合對揀貨作業效率有較顯著的提升。

摘要(英)

Because our country has impacted by globalization, and the network is growing fast, the market competition is becoming more and more fierce. For those reasons, the logistics industry has to find an operation mode which was more effective to conform to the demands of consumer market, and provide a higher level and quality to customers. Thus, reducing the operation time and costs from receiving to shipping by using appropriate operation strategy will significantly impact the effectiveness of logistic center.
Cross docking is one of the strategies of logistics operations. It means that people receiving goods on the cross docking facilities, then splitting, classifying, and stacking by customer needs. After that, the goods will be loaded on trucks and delivered to delivery places which were requested by the customers. For this strategy, all items haven’t to do receiving inspection or stored in logistics center. Thus, the time from receiving to shipping can be minimized. For those characteristics, cross docking is particularly suitable for urgent orders and the condition which suppliers have to deliver the goods to retailers directly.
This research aims to three issues of Distributor Cross Docking, which were order selection problem, cell of tally area assigning problem, and tally area serving problem, and respectively proposes order selection rule, cell of tally area assigning rule, and tally area serving rule. Finally, in this environment, comparing the data by On-time Delivery Rate, Total Tardiness, Total System Time, and Total Picking Distance, which were obtained by simulation experiments, to know which combination of the rules will performs better.

關鍵字(中)

★ 越庫作業
★ 訂單選取法則
★ 理貨區儲存格分配法則
★ 理貨區服務法則

關鍵字(英)

★ cross docking
★ order selection rule
★ cell of tally area assigning rule
★ tally area serving rule

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 越庫作業系統流程說明 3
1.4.1 進貨作業流程說明 3
1.4.2 理貨作業流程說明 4
1.5 研究環境與基本假設 6
1.6 研究問題說明 8
1.7 論文架構 9
第二章文獻探討 11
2.1 物流 11
2.1.1 物流的定義 11
2.1.2 物流中心的功能 12
2.1.3 物流中心的類別 14
2.2 越庫作業 16
2.2.1 越庫作業的定義 16
2.2.2 越庫作業的類型 17
2.2.3 越庫作業的決策問題 19
2.2.4 其它越庫作業相關文獻 22
2.3 倉儲規劃 24
2.3.1 倉儲空間設計 24
2.3.2 產品儲位管理 26
2.4 訂單揀取方法 29
第三章研究方法 31
3.1 各研究議題之方法整理 31
3.2 訂單選取法則 32
3.2.1 隨機選取 32
3.2.2 最早出貨時段 32
3.2.3 「最早出貨時段」搭配「最高訂單滿足比值」 32
3.2.4 「最早出貨時段」搭配「最多訂單滿足品項數」 34
3.2.5 「最早出貨時段」搭配「最小理貨作業時間估計值」 35
3.2.6 「最早出貨時段」搭配「最小鬆弛時間（slack time）估計值」 36
3.3 理貨區儲存格分配法則 38
3.3.1 隨機指派 38
3.3.2 離理貨區中間點最近 39
3.3.3 與目前已在暫存區儲存格之該貨車訂單的需求品項之總距離最小 39
3.3.4 與暫存區儲存格之估計總距離最小 41
3.3.5 離空棧板區最近 43
3.3.6 離已指派之理貨區最近 43
3.4 理貨區服務法則 45
3.4.1 隨機選取 45
3.4.2 理貨旅行距離最短 45
3.4.3 「最早出貨時段」搭配「理貨旅行距離最短」 47
3.4.4 剩餘棧板數最少 48
3.4.5 「最早出貨時段」搭配「剩餘棧板數最少」 49
3.4.6 品項滿足訂單率最高 50
3.4.7 「最早出貨時段」搭配｢品項滿足訂單率最高」 51
第四章實驗結果與分析 52
4.1 實驗設計 52
4.1.1 實驗環境 52
4.1.2 實驗目的 54
4.1.3 模擬實驗因子 55
4.1.4 績效評估指標 57
4.2 統計分析 58
4.2.1 依「總系統執行時間(TST)」為績效評估值 58
4.2.2 依「總理貨旅行距離(TPD)」為績效評估值 68
4.2.3 依「準時率(OTR)」為績效評估值 77
4.2.4 依「總延後時間(TT)」為績效評估值 86
4.3 實驗結論 95
第五章結論及後續研究建議 97
5.1 研究結論 97
5.2 未來研究建議 98
參考文獻 99
中文文獻 99
英文文獻 100
附錄 103
附錄一所有因子組合代號 103
附錄二所有因子組合於α= 0.05下總系統執行時間之Duncan檢定表 106
附錄三所有因子組合於α= 0.05下總理貨旅行距離之Duncan檢定表 113
附錄四所有因子組合於α= 0.05下準時率之Duncan檢定表 120
附錄五所有因子組合於α= 0.05下總延後時間之Duncan檢定表 127

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指導教授

何應欽

審核日期

2014-7-25

推文