非接觸式雙電感植牙穩固度檢測裝置設計製作暨驗證研究

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林修白(Shiou-Bair Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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生物醫學工程研究所

論文名稱

非接觸式雙電感植牙穩固度檢測裝置設計製作暨驗證研究
(Design and Validation of Non-contact Dual Inductor Detection Device for Dental Implant Stability Assessment)

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摘要(中)

早期藉由假牙置換的方式對恆齒缺損的病患進行治療，有可能產生齒槽骨萎縮等問題，故後來逐漸發展成利用人工牙根的植牙手術。依據臨床上的經驗，普遍認為術後的骨整合程度 (植體穩固度) 為手術成功與否的關鍵。
針對長期觀測骨整合程度的議題，本研究著重於設計製作一個非侵入、非接觸式的植牙術後穩固度檢測裝置，其具有簡易電路設計、小體積、手持式等優點，且可藉由提供客觀量化的數值，以建立有效評估方式，協助臨床牙醫師即時治療，降低手術失敗的風險。
當一棒狀物鎖附於植體上時，可視為懸臂梁結構。當該懸臂梁結構的骨整合情況越好，意即剛性越強，則共振頻率上升；反之，則下降。本檢測裝置藉由將頻率範圍200至10 kHz的交流小波訊號輸入至電感中，使之產生交互變化的磁力激振結構物後，基於法拉第電磁感應定律，同樣以電感感應磁通量變化的情形產生感應電動勢，並透過頻率響應函數計算後，獲得該懸臂梁結構的共振頻率，即可判定骨整合情況之好壞。此外，另撰寫人機介面可適當調整實驗相關參數，並即時將量測過程中得到的每筆數據顯示於螢幕上，而在量測結束後會得到一個最終平均值及標準差，代表該次測量結果。
本研究在體外人造骨塊的實驗結果中顯示，無論植體與齒槽骨之間是否含有介面組織，該結構物的共振頻率，皆因植體周圍環境的剛性增加而上升；在體內白兔脛骨實驗中，編號1及2的白兔因初始穩固度較低，而導致手術失敗；編號3至5的白兔皆觀察到結構物的共振頻率值隨著時間的推移，呈現上升的趨勢，表示其骨整合情況良好。
綜合以上實驗結果，可推論初始穩固度對於植牙手術的成功與否有極大的影響。隨著時間的推移，穩固度將由植體周圍介面組織所提供。本檢測裝置亦藉由簡易電路設計達成縮小體積、手持式設計的目標，且其檢測結果可真實反應骨整合之趨勢變化。

摘要(英)

Previously, the treatment for patients with permanent tooth defects was treated by denture replacement, but this way may cause the alveolar bone atrophy or other problems. Nowadays, the way to solve this kind of problem is developed into using the artificial tooth to replace the permanent tooth through dental implant operation. From the clinical experience of dental implant surgery, it is generally believed that the osseointegration (postoperative implant Stability) is the key to a successful surgery. In this study, the target is to establish an effective way to assess the dental implant stability.
This study focuses on developing an objective, quantitative, non-invasive and non-contact dental implant stability detection device that is expected to reduce the risk of surgical failure. In addition, the detection device is designed with the advantage of a simple electric circuit, small size and hand-held.
If the magnetic rod is fixed on the implant, we can consider that the structure looks like a cantilever beam. The resonance frequency (RF) of this beam increases if the material stiffness around the structure increases. When the rod is excited by the detection device, it will vibrate and influence the magnetic field around the structure, then causes the magnetic motive force (MMF). The detection device will receive the MMF and compare with the reference signal, then we can get the RF of this structure.
From in vitro/in vivo experiments, the results can prove that the RF will increase when the material stiffness around the dental implant increases. So, we suggest that the primary stability is the key to a successful surgery, and our detection device can truly reflect the trend in osseointegration.

關鍵字(中)

★ 植牙
★ 骨整合
★ 共振頻率法
★ 電磁感測器
★ 電感

關鍵字(英)

★ Implant
★ Osseointegration
★ Resonance Frequency
★ Electromagnetic Sensor
★ Inductor

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
一、緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 文獻探討 2
1-2-1 術前評估/植牙手術 2
1-2-2 植牙術後骨整合 3
1-2-3 植牙術後穩固度 5
1-2-4 檢測方式 5
1-3 論文範疇 11
二、理論基礎 13
2-1 結構共振頻率量測 13
2-1-1 懸臂梁結構的共振頻率 13
2-1-2 振動量測 14
2-2 磁場理論 15
2-2-1 電感及法拉第定律 15
2-2-2 磁通量密度 16
2-2-3 磁力 16
2-3 訊號處理 17
2-3-1 莫萊小波 17
2-3-2 傅立葉轉換 19
2-3-3 頻率響應函數 19
三、檢測裝置設計與驗證 21
3-1 雙電感檢測裝置設計 22
3-1-1 電感選用準則 24
3-1-2 電感測試 26
3-1-3 檢測電路設計 29
3-1-4 人機介面 31
3-2 雙電感檢測裝置驗證 33
3-2-1 穩定性測試 34
3-2-2 檢測裝置量測使用範圍 36
3-2-3 調頻測試量測系統誤差 37
3-2-4體外人造骨塊樣本驗證裝置 38
四、體外及體內實驗規劃 44
4-1 體外人造骨塊實驗 44
4-1-1 體外人造骨塊設計 45
4-1-2 實驗規劃 46
4-1-3 實驗環境參數驗證 47
4-2 體內白兔脛骨實驗 50
4-2-1 實驗規劃 51
五、結果與討論 54
5-1 體外人造骨塊實驗結果與討論 54
5-1-1 體外人造骨塊實驗結果 54
5-1-2 體外人造骨塊現象討論 58
5-2體內白兔脛骨實驗結果與討論 59
5-2-1體內白兔脛骨實驗結果 59
5-2-2 體內白兔脛骨現象討論 65
六、結論與未來展望 66
6-1結論 66
6-1-1檢測系統部分 66
6-1-2實驗結果部分 66
6-1-3檢測效果部分 67
6-2未來展望 67
參考文獻 68

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指導教授

潘敏俊(Min-Chun Pan)

審核日期

2017-4-21

推文