表皮葡萄球菌在人類皮膚微生物總體對皮膚訊號與腦波訊號影響

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姓名

王信夫(Xin-Fu Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

生醫科學與工程學系

論文名稱

表皮葡萄球菌在人類皮膚微生物總體對皮膚訊號與腦波訊號影響
(The impact of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the human skin microbiome on the skin conductance and brain wave)

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摘要(中)

我們已經證明人體微生物總體中兩種主要細菌:丙酸桿菌（嗜酸性桿菌）和表皮葡萄球菌（表皮葡萄球菌），都可以利用甘油作為發酵的碳源，同時在細菌發酵的過程中產生電(提升電壓)，以及表皮葡萄球菌利用甘油發酵產生比丙酸桿菌利用甘油發酵所產生的電力高。並且細菌發電這機能顯著會被糠醛給抑制，然而糠醛同時是種有效的細菌發酵抑制劑，所以表示這細菌發電是通過發酵來的。
人體表皮膚電導大小與皮膚上表皮葡萄球菌的數量成比例，在局部皮膚塗抹(2%)甘油的話會增加人體表皮膚電導。另外在前額塗抹酒精殺菌後，會減少人體表皮膚電導以及腦電波中事件相關電位P300。相反的，在前額上局部塗抹甘油後會增加P300，這意味著腦電波P300可能是被細菌甘油發酵所影響。未來將發展皮膚貼片，可以感知在人體皮膚微生物總體中，不同細菌所產生的電差異。

摘要(英)

We have demonstrated that both Propionibacterium (or Cutibacterium ) acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), two major bacterium in the human microbiome, can utilize the glycerol as a carbon source for fermentation. Electricity (electric voltage) was produced during the bacterial fermentation. Glycerol fermentation of S. epidermidis yielded higher electricity than that of P. acnes. Bacterial electricity can be considerably blocked by furfural, a potent fermentation inhibitor, indicating that the production of bacterial electricity is mediated by fermentation. The magnitude of human skin conductance is proportional to the number of S. epidermidis in skin. Topical application of 2% glycerol onto skin remarkably enhanced the magnitude of human skin conductance in hands. Removal of bacterial by alcohol in forehead reduced the skin conductance as well as brain wave P300 of the human event-related potential (ERP). Conversely, topical application of glycerol onto forehead promoted the P300, suggesting that glycerol fermentation of bacteria modulated the brain waves. An electronic skin patch was fabricated to dynamically detect human skin conductance in real time. Future works will include employee the electronic skin patches to sense the electricity differentially produced various bacteria in the human skin microbiome.

關鍵字(中)

★ 人體皮膚微生物總體
★ 發酵
★ 腦電波
★ P300

關鍵字(英)

★ human skin microbiome
★ Fermentation
★ EEG
★ P300

論文目次

致謝 I
摘要 VI
Abstract VII
圖目錄 X
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2 論文架構 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2.1人類微生物總體(Human microbiome) 3
2.2益生菌(Probiotics) 3
2.3細菌發酵(bacteria fermentation) 3
2.3皮膚細菌發酵(Skin bacteria fermentation) 4
2.3 微生物燃料電池(Microbial fuel cell) 4
2.4糠醛(Furfural) 6
2.5腸胃菌與腦(guts bacteria and brain) 7
2.6腦電波(EEG) 7
2.7即時聚合?鏈式反應（Real-time polymerase chain reaction，rt-PCR） 8
2.8 Arduino 8
2.9 OpenBCI 9
第三章實驗方法 10
3.1實驗材料與儀器 10
3.2 細菌實驗 12
3.2.1 In vitro 細菌發酵 12
3.2.2 In vitro 細菌發電 12
3.3 Skin signal 實驗 14
3.3.1 Skin signal 14
3.3.2酒精殺菌證明 15
3.3.3檢測酒精存在 15
3.3.4抽取DNA 16
3.3.5 QPCR(Real-time polymerase chain reaction) 17
3.4 腦電波實驗 17
3.4.1 收案來源 17
3.4.2腦波Oddball task 17
3.5 皮膚電位貼片 18
3.6 腦波轉接器OpenBCI 21
第四章分析方法 22
4.1量化數據統計方法 22
4.2腦電波資料前處裡 22
4.3 P300 23
4.4 MMN 23
4.5 ERP、ERSP(Alpha 波、Beat波)分析 23
4.6小波轉換(Wavelet Transform) 24
第五章實驗結果 25
5.1 In vitro 細菌發酵實驗 25
5.2 In vitro 細菌發電實驗 26
5.3皮膚訊號在不同部位以及塗抹Glycerol後影響 28
5.4皮膚訊號塗抹酒精後影響 29
5.5腦波Oddball task P300 MMN 結果 31
5.6 S. epi細菌量對P300量關係 34
5.7腦波Oddball task Alpha波 Beta波結果 35
5.8 硬體OpenBCI device 37
5.9 表皮膚電位貼片 device 37
第六章結論 39
第七章討論 41
附錄 42
附錄1 ERP Oddball task 聽覺刺激以及送出時間標記簡易軟體 42
附錄2 Arduino UNO 接收時間標記轉傳給腦波儀程式 43
附錄3 貼片硬體產品材料 47
附錄4 P300 分析規格 49
附錄5 MMN分析規格 51
附錄6 開通藍芽晶片指令 52
附錄7 皮膚貼片Arduino程式 52
附錄8 OpenBCI 材料軟體清單 55
附錄9 OpenBCI 操作流程 57
參考文獻 58

參考文獻

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指導教授

黃俊銘(Chun-Ming Huang)

審核日期

2018-8-23

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