橋梁監測之感測技術

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吳嘉原(Chia-Yuan Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

橋梁監測之感測技術
(Sensing Techniques for Bridge Monitoring)

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摘要(中)

土木結構物，尤其是橋梁結構的監測與維護管理，因其佈設之感測器數目龐大、結構構件複雜的條件及背景下，實地執行上相當困難、繁瑣，因此橋梁的維護管理如檢測、評估與監測自動化更顯重要。公共工程建設之監測系統首要條件是可靠度需求高，目前國內外研究單位對於橋梁之快速檢測、監測預警與電腦化評估系統等正進行研究，若能發展可靠且自動化之橋梁變形安全監測技術，相信對於國內橋梁安全及行車人員安全能多一份保障。
近年來光纖感測器已應用於智慧結構及相關土木工程的各領域，作為即時或長期的感測元件，就本論文應用之SOFO光纖感測器而言，於歐洲已有案例可供印證。本論文希望藉由光纖感測器於實驗室之驗證，進一步推廣至國內監測體系上應用，並藉由新的技術使橋梁安全監測發揮更大的效用。
本論文引入的感測器系統，光纖應變感測器，其乃以雙麥克生干涉儀為原理之即時（real time）量測，利用光纖感測器量得之應變計算曲率，再由曲率積分兩次獲得變位的方式，對橋梁做分佈式的多點量測。文章中更介紹相同原理架構下，利用傳統傾斜計量得之傾角讀數以監測變位的方法及案例。

摘要(英)

The management and the ensurance of the safety of civil infrastructures demand a periodical monitoring of structures. However most conventional sensoring devices are often of bulky, sensitive to electromagnetic field, temperature changes and generally the spatial resolution is poor. In many applications, the resulting complexity and costs limit the frequency of these measurements. It is of interest for us to provide a new sensing technique, the fiber optic sensors, to give a more precise and stable measurement.
In many civil structures like bridges, tunnels and dams, the deformations are the most relevant parameter to be monitored in both short and long-term. It is found that fiber optic deformation sensors, with measurement bases of the order of one to a few meters, can give useful information in the long term.
The SOFO（Surveillance d’Ouvranges par Fibre Optique or Structural Monitoring by Optical Fibers） measurement system is based on a double Mechelson interferometer in tandem configuration. It is able to measure deformation between two points in a structure and detect the strains of the fiberoptical sensors, and it is possible to find the curvature of the structure and then determine the displacement function. Based on the same theory, we try to use tiltmeters to estimate the deformation of the structures and give an example.

關鍵字(中)

★ 變位
★ 光纖感測器
★ 監測
★ 傾斜計

關鍵字(英)

★ Tiltmeters
★ Monitoring
★ Fiberoptical Sensors（FS）
★ Deformation

論文目次

中文摘要
英文摘要
誌謝
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
照片目錄
第一章緒論
1.1 前言
1.2 研究動機與目的
1.3 論文架構
第二章光纖感測器原理
2.1 光纖訊號傳輸原理
2.1.1 光纖之結構
2.1.2 光纖基本光學原理
2.1.3 光纖的種類
2.1.4 光纖的衰減
2.2 光纖感測器種類
2.2.1 以解調方式分類
2.2.2 以應用分類
2.2.3 以感測元件分類
2.3 應用之光纖感測器
2.3.1 低干涉式光纖感測器
2.3.2 費布里-佩洛干涉式感測器
2.3.3 布里淵光時域反射感測器
2.3.3 光柵光纖感測器
2.3.4 長週期光纖光柵感測器
2.4 SOFO光纖感測器
2.4.1 雙麥克生干涉儀
2.4.2 SOFO光纖感測器
2.4.3 SOFO光纖感測器應用範圍
第三章變位量測原理與實驗規劃
3.1 SOFO光纖應變感測器量測變位之原理
3.1.1 單元體分析（Cell analysis）
3.1.2 區段分析（Section analysis）
3.1.3 結構分析
3.2 傾斜計量測變位原理
3.3 簡支梁之變位量測（使用光纖應變感測計）
3.3.1 實驗規劃
3.3.2 感測器與量測儀器
3.3.3 量測方式
3.4 簡支梁之變位量測（使用傾角計）
3.4.1 實驗規劃
3.4.2 量測方式
第四章試驗結果與分析
4.1 簡支梁之變位量測（使用光纖應變感測計）結果分析
4.2 簡支梁之變位量測（使用傾斜計）結果分析
4.3 傾斜計實際應用於懸臂橋量測變位
4.3.1 監測系統架構
4.3.2 監控及分析系統
4.4 橋梁沉陷及轉角警戒值及行動值擬定方法
4.4.1 警戒值設定時，考慮之重要因素
4.4.2 橋梁沉陷及轉角危險警戒、行動值之設定
第五章結論與建議
5.1 結論
5.2 建議
參考文獻
附表
附圖
附照片

參考文獻

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指導教授

王仲宇(Chung-Yue Wang)

審核日期

2002-7-3

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