黏土層中懸臂式擋土壁開挖行為探討

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姓名

王凱民(Kai-Min Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

黏土層中懸臂式擋土壁開挖行為探討
(Study on Behaviors of Cantilever Retaining Wall during Excavation in Clay Ground.)

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摘要(中)

在擋土開挖的施工過程中，由於壁體產生變位將引起側向土壓力的解放，因而產生周圍地盤沉陷或側向變形，造成鄰近建物傾斜及管線損壞。因此，為了使工程師可提出更為有效且經濟的建物保護計畫，必須先行探討開挖所引致的地盤變位與壁體變形。
本研究利用離心模型試驗，探討於黏土層中以懸臂式擋土壁作為擋土設施並進行開挖，對壁體與鄰近地盤之影響；主要針對開挖深度、貫入深度及土壤強度等不同變數，進行懸臂式擋土壁開挖行為之相關研究與比較分析。
試驗結果顯示，黏土不排水剪力強度、開挖深度與貫入深度對地盤變位與壁體變形影響甚鉅。黏土層中懸臂式擋土壁開挖引致地表沉陷槽屬於三角槽型，沉陷影響範圍達5.2倍開挖深度之遠，並可利用樁頂水平變位求得壁後地表最大沉陷量，進而推估出壁後不同位置處之地表沉陷量。開挖引致壁體變形過程中，開挖面以下擋土壁有一固定不動點，隨著開挖深度增加，該不動點逐漸往下移動。樁頂至開挖面間的壁體承受正彎矩值，壁體正彎矩之最大值發生於開挖面處。

摘要(英)

The lateral earth pressure will be released from the deformation of cantilever retaining wall during excavation. In consequence of the pressure decreasing, the surface settlement and lateral deformation may occur, and may endanger adjacent structures and lifelines nearby. Therefore, the movements of ground surface and the deformations of retaining wall induced by deep excavation must be studied, and then engineers can bring up an effective, economical and safety countermeasure for building protections.
A series of centrifuge model tests were performed to assess the influence of depth of excavation and of penetration and of soil strength on the behavior of cantilever retaining wall standing in clay ground.
From this study, it can be seen that the shear strength of clay soil, the depth of excavation, and the penetration depth influence the deformations of ground and the behavior of cantilever wall significantly. The shape of settlement trough induced by excavation is a spandrel type. The maximum surface settlement behind the wall can be found from the horizontal displacement of the top of the wall; and further, the surface settlement behind the wall with different distance from the wall can be predicted. There is a fixed point on the wall under the excavation level. The fixed point will move downward until the wall fails. The cantilever wall experiences the positive bending moment above the excavation level, and the maximum positive bending moment appears near the excavation level.

關鍵字(中)

★ 懸臂式擋土壁
★ 壁體變形
★ 地盤變位
★ 開挖

關鍵字(英)

★ Wall deformation
★ Ground deformations
★ Excavation
★ Cantilever retaining wall

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VI
照片目錄 IX
符號說明 X
第一章緒論 1
1-1 緣起 1
1-2 研究動機 3
1-3 研究架構 4
1-4 論文內容 4
第二章文獻回顧 6
2-1 懸臂式擋土壁分析 6
2-1-1 內擠破壞分析 7
2-2 開挖引致之地表沉陷 8
2-2-1 開挖引致之地表沉陷特性 8
2-3 數值分析方法及物理模型試驗 14
2-3-1 數值分析方法 15
2-3-2 1g下之物理模型試驗 16
2-3-3 離心模型試驗 17
2-4 水力坡降壓密法 22
2-5 離心模型基本原理 24
2-5-1 離心模型之基本相似律 25
2-5-2 離心模型試驗之模型模擬 27
第三章試驗土樣、儀器設備及試驗方法 49
3-1 試驗土樣 49
3-2 試驗儀器及相關設備 49
3-2-1 地工離心機 49
3-2-2 試體壓密儀 51
3-2-3 模型試驗箱 51
3-2-4 模擬開挖系統 52
3-2-5 相關量測儀器 54
3-3 試體準備與量測儀器配置 56
3-3-1 重模試體準備 56
3-3-2 量測儀器配置 58
3-4 試驗方法與步驟 59
3-5 無圍壓縮試驗及含水量量測 60
3-6 樁身彎矩分布曲線迴歸方法之選擇 61
3-6-1 三次多項式函數法 62
第四章試驗結果與分析 87
4-1 試驗種類與試體床描述 87
4-1-1 離心模型試驗類別 87
4-1-2土壤強度之標定 88
4-2 地表沉陷槽 89
4-2-1 地表沈陷槽型式 90
4-2-2 地表沉陷槽分布範圍 94
4-2-3 張力裂縫 98
4-2-4 地表沉陷槽與地下沉陷之關係 100
4-3 壁體彎矩分布 102
4-4 地盤反力與壁體變形分析 105
4-5 孔隙水壓力 110
第五章結論與建議 149
5-1 結論 149
5-2 建議 151
參考文獻 153

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指導教授

李崇正(Chung-Jung Lee)

審核日期

2005-1-20

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