探索工作記憶、清晰記憶和熟悉度在知覺與概念模式區隔中的角色：相關分析與事件相關腦電位的研究

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姓名

陳彥如(Yan-Ru Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

認知與神經科學研究所

論文名稱

探索工作記憶、清晰記憶和熟悉度在知覺與概念模式區隔中的角色：相關分析與事件相關腦電位的研究
(Exploring The Roles of Working Memory, Recollection, and Familiarity in Perceptual and Conceptual Pattern Separation：A Correlation and ERP Study.)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2026-12-31以後開放)

摘要(中)

模式區隔（Pattern Separation）指的是個體在形成或提取記憶時，能夠區分相似但不完全相同的情節或事件的歷程。過往的行為研究經常使用記憶區辨作業（Mnemonic Similarity Task, MST）探討模式區隔的運作機制。這些 MST 通常以知覺上高度相似但略有不同的物件或圖片作為刺激材料，要求參與者區分學習階段出現過的目標項（Target）與僅在知覺上相似但未曾出現過的誘餌項（Lure），並以此區辨表現作為記憶提取過程中模式區隔的指標。
本研究旨在探討知覺與概念記憶提取過程中的模式區隔機制的異同，並進一步探討雙重歷程理論中「清晰記憶」（recollection）和「熟悉」（familiarity）在模式區隔的角色。為此，本研究採用了知覺以及概念兩種記憶區辨作業。首先，根據 Kirwan & Stark（2007）的方法，使用相似物件圖片作為材料，進行知覺性記憶區辨作業（Perceptual MST）。在這項作業中，參與者需區辨同一物體的不同圖片，誘餌項和對應的舊項目在概念上完全相同，僅能依賴知覺上的細微差異進行區辨。其次，修改 Cheng & Rugg（2004）的錯誤記憶測試，發展出概念性記憶區辨作業（Conceptual MST），並使用語意相關的詞對作為記憶材料。參與者需要區辨語意相關詞對是否經過重組，誘餌項和舊項目的字詞在知覺上相同，僅能依賴概念上的細微差異來進行區別。
實驗一採用 Perceptual MST 和 Conceptual MST 這兩項作業檢視知覺性和概念性模式區隔表現的相關性，並使用運作廣度作業（operation span task）、魏氏記憶量表中的空間記憶廣度測驗以及數字序列測驗來測量工作記憶容量，探討語文與非語文工作記憶容量與模式區隔表現之間的關聯。皮爾森相關分析結果顯示，排除新舊再認記憶表現的變異後，Perceptual MST 和 Conceptual MST 的模式區隔指標之間具輕度正相關（r = .282），表明知覺與概念的模式區隔雖然涉及共同的運作機制，但各自有其獨特的運作模式。進一步分析顯示，概念性模式區隔表現與魏氏記憶量表中的工作記憶指標存在顯著正相關，特別是與數字序列測驗的表現共變，顯示區辨概念相似項目時涉及對多重訊息進行分類和重新排序的能力。
實驗二透過再認記憶的事件相關腦電位（ERPs）指標，包括中額葉區新舊效果（mid-frontal ERP old/new effect）和左頂葉區新舊效果（left parietal ERP old/new effect），探討清晰記憶與熟悉的記憶提取歷程是否牽涉於知覺與概念記憶區辨作業中。Perceptual MST 測試階段的腦電位振幅分析發現，相較於被正確區分為與舊項目相似但不同的誘餌項，被誤認為舊項目的誘餌項產生了更大的左頂葉新舊效果。這一結果顯示，在知覺記憶區辨中，個體可藉由清晰記憶輕鬆提取出可供區辨的記憶表徵，從而認定誘餌項是與舊項目相似但未曾在學習階段出現過。而在 Conceptual MST 中，並未觀察到相似的腦電位結果，表明知覺和概念記憶區辨作業中，模式區隔所涉及的清晰記憶提取歷程存在差異。
綜合兩個實驗的結果，發現模式區隔在處理知覺與概念相似性表徵時存在共同的運作機制，但這些機制對工作記憶的依賴程度不同，並且在記憶提取過程中展現出不同的神經活動模式。這些結果表明，模式區隔具有領域特定的運作特性，未來研究可進一步探討其在其他認知功能中的角色及其神經基礎。

摘要(英)

Pattern separation refers to the process by which individuals form and retrieve distinct memory representations that differentiate similar events. Previous behavioral studies mainly used the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) to explore the underlying mechanism of pattern separation. These MSTs typically involve perceptually high similarity but slightly different objects or pictures as stimuli in a recognition memory task, requiring participants to distinguish between previously learned items, referred to as targets, and perceptually similar but novel items, called lures. The performance in this discrimination task is taken as an indicator of pattern separation during memory retrieval.
In this study, Kirwan & Stark′s (2007) object-based recognition memory test was adopted by using similar object images as stimuli for the Perceptual MST. Additionally, we modified the false memory test from Cheng and Rugg (2004), in which semantically related word pairs were used as stimuli for the Conceptual MST. The goal was to investigate whether pattern separation during the retrieval of perceptual versus conceptual memory representations involves shared or distinct mechanisms. In the Perceptual MST, participants were asked to differentiate different images of the same object, meaning the lures and the corresponding old items were conceptually identical yet with only subtle perceptual differences serving as the basis for discrimination. In contrast, the Conceptual MST required participants to distinguish between semantically related word pairs, where the lures and the corresponding old items were perceptually identical but dissimilar in their conceptual composition.
Experiment 1 examined the correlation between perceptual and conceptual pattern separation performance by applying Perceptual MST and Conceptual MST tasks. It also assessed the relationship between pattern separation performance and working memory capacity, using Operation Span Task, Corsi Block-Tapping Task, and Letter-Number Sequncing Task from the Wechsler Memory Scale as indicators of verbal and non-verbal working memory capacity. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant, yet weak positive correlation (r = .282) between the pattern separation indices of Perceptual MST and Conceptual MST when the variance in general old/new recognition memory performance were controlled. This suggests that whilst perceptual and conceptual pattern separation involve certain shared mechanisms, each still relies on its distinct processes. Further analyses showed that only conceptual pattern separation performance was significantly correlated with the working memory measures from the Wechsler tests, particularly with Letter-Number Sequncing Task. This result suggests the ability to classify and rearrange varied types of information plays a role in distinguishing conceptually similar items.
Experiment 2 investigated whether pattern separation in perceptual and conceptual memory tasks is mediated by familiarity and recollection processes, using event-related potentials (ERPs) during recognition memory, including the mid-frontal old/new effect and the left parietal old/new effect. ERP amplitude analysis of the Perceptual MST revealed that lures mistakenly recognized as having appeared during the learning phase elicited a larger left parietal old/new effect compared to lures correctly identified as similar but different. This finding suggests that in perceptual memory discrimination, individuals can easily retrieve distinctive memory representations through recollection, leading to the correct rejection of lures. No similar results were observed in the Conceptual MST, indicating that the recollection processes involved in perceptual and conceptual pattern separation may differ.
In summary, the results from both experiments suggest that pattern separation relies on overlapping mechanisms when processing perceptual and conceptual similarity representations. However, these mechanisms differ in their dependence on working memory and exhibit distinct neural activity during memory retrieval. These findings highlight domain-specific characteristics in the operation of pattern separation.

關鍵字(中)

★ 模式區隔
★ 知覺相似性
★ 概念相似性
★ 工作記憶
★ 再認記憶
★ 事件相關腦電位

關鍵字(英)

★ Pattern Separation
★ Perceptual Similarity
★ Conceptual Similarity
★ Working Memory
★ Recognition Memory
★ Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
致謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xiii
緒論 1
模式區隔在概念相似性和知覺相似性的研究 6
再認記憶的雙重歷程理論（Dual-process theories） 9
工作記憶與模式區隔的相互作用 12
研究目的 15
實驗一 17
實驗方法 20
實驗結果 31
討論 43
實驗二 48
實驗方法 50
行為資料結果 53
ERP 資料結果 64
討論 79
綜合討論 88
參考文獻 98
附錄1：實驗1-1行為資料分析 103
附錄2：實驗1-2行為資料分析 110
附錄3：實驗一和實驗二行為資料合併分析 118
附錄4：Conceptual MST 刺激材料 128

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指導教授

鄭仕坤(Shih-Kuen Cheng)

審核日期

2024-12-31

推文