https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/193 Search the Channel s https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/simple-search https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/99361 title: 有機發光二極體中載子調控結構與材料選擇對發光效能之探討;Carrier Regulation Structures and Material Selection for Improved Emission Performance of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes abstract: 本研究以有機發光二極體(Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED)為研究主軸，系統性探討電子注入層、電洞阻擋層、電洞調控層以及主體/客體材料選擇對元件電性與發光效率之影響。研究中採用Super Yellow(SY)、PFO、CBP以及一系列 D2-nPh材料作為發光或主體材料，並透過元件結構與材料參數之調控，逐步建立高效率OLED元件架構。 首先，比較不同電子注入層材料之影響，結果顯示相較於LiF，Li₂CO₃可有效改善電子注入行為，使元件展現較佳之操作電壓與發光效率，因而被選定為後續元件之電子注入層。接著，探討不同電洞阻擋層(Hole Blocking Layer, HBL)材料對元件效能之影響，比較TmPyPB、BCP與BP4mPy後發現，TmPyPB能有效侷限電子並改善載子平衡，使SY與PFO元件之外部量子效率(External Quantum Efficiency, EQE)顯著提升，並成為後續研究中主要採用之HBL材料。 在完成電子注入層與電洞阻擋層之篩選後，進一步引入聚乙烯咔唑(poly(9-vinylcarbazole), PVK)作為電洞調控層。PVK之LUMO能階可有效阻擋電子穿越主動層，而其HOMO能階亦可與CBP與PFO形成較佳之能階匹配，使元件整體載子平衡與發光效率獲得改善。隨後，在相同且已最佳化之元件架構下，比較不同主體材料之表現，結果顯示雖然SY具備較高之發光效率，但其與PVK之能階匹配較差；相對而言，D2-4Ph在效率與操作電壓上展現出較佳之整體穩定性。 為進一步分析D2-nPh系列材料之差異，本研究製作單電洞元件，並以空間電荷限制電流(Space-Charge-Limited Current, SCLC)模型分析其電洞遷移率。結果顯示 D2-4Ph具有最高之電洞遷移率，且其OLED元件亦表現出相對較佳之發光效率。 在主體/客體摻雜元件方面，本研究將2DIndFL-PT、DIndFL-2-BTAQ與 DIndFL-TTp-Tp-1-C6BTABTD等客體材料分別摻入D2-4Ph、CBP、PFO與SY主體中，探討摻雜濃度對元件效能之影響。結果顯示，適當摻雜可有效提升元件EQE，而過高濃度則因能量轉移效率下降與非輻射淬滅效應增加，導致效率降低。特別是在SY主體中，摻雜近紅外客體材料後之EQE普遍低於純SY元件，主要歸因於主體發光光譜與客體吸收光譜重疊不足，使能量轉移效率受限。 最後，本研究以D2-4Ph為主體材料，透過摻雜SY並調控其濃度，成功實現白光OLED元件。結果顯示，雖然較高SY濃度可提升發光效率，但在色溫表現上，低至中等濃度之SY摻雜更接近理想白光範圍，顯示在效率與色度之間需取得適當平衡。 綜合上述研究結果，本研究證實透過電子注入層與電洞阻擋層之適當選擇、PVK電洞調控層之引入、主體/客體材料能階與光譜匹配，以及材料載子遷移率之最佳化，可有效提升OLED元件之發光效率與電性表現，對未來高效率有機發光材料與元件設計具有重要參考價值。 ;This study focuses on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and systematically investigates the effects of electron injection layers, hole blocking layers (HBLs), hole modulation layers, and host–guest material selection on device electrical characteristics and emission efficiency. Super Yellow (SY), PFO, CBP, and a series of D2-nPh materials were employed as emissive or host materials. Through step-by-step optimization of device architecture and material parameters, high-performance OLED structures were established. First, the influence of different electron injection layers was examined. Compared with LiF, Li₂CO₃ exhibited superior electron injection behavior, leading to lower operating voltage and improved device efficiency. Consequently, Li₂CO₃ was selected as the electron injection layer for subsequent devices. The effects of various hole blocking layer materials, including TmPyPB, BCP, and BP4mPy, were then evaluated. Among them, TmPyPB effectively confined electrons and improved carrier balance, resulting in significantly enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE) in both SY- and PFO-based devices, and was therefore adopted in later studies. After optimizing the electron injection and hole blocking layers, poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) was introduced as a hole modulation layer. The LUMO level of PVK effectively suppresses electron leakage through the emissive layer, while its HOMO level provides favorable energy level alignment with CBP and PFO, leading to improved carrier balance and device performance. Under the same optimized device architecture, different host materials were then compared. Although SY exhibited high emission efficiency, its energy level alignment with PVK was less favorable. In contrast, D2-4Ph demonstrated more stable performance with a favorable balance between efficiency and operating voltage. To further elucidate the intrinsic material properties of the D2 series, hole-only devices were fabricated and analyzed using the space-charge-limited current (SCLC) model. Among the D2-nPh materials, D2-4Ph exhibited the highest zero-field hole mobility, which correlated well with its superior OLED performance. In the host–guest doping studies, 2DIndFL-PT, DIndFL-2-BTAQ, and DIndFL-TTp-Tp-1-C6BTABTD were incorporated into D2-4Ph, CBP, PFO, and SY host materials to investigate the influence of doping concentration on device performance. The results show that appropriate guest doping significantly enhances EQE, while excessive doping leads to reduced efficiency due to decreased energy transfer efficiency and increased non-radiative quenching. In particular, SY-based devices doped with near-infrared emitters exhibited lower EQE than pristine SY devices, primarily due to insufficient spectral overlap between the host emission and guest absorption, limiting energy transfer efficiency. Finally, white OLEDs were realized using D2-4Ph as the host material with SY as a complementary emitter. By tuning the SY doping concentration, both emission efficiency and correlated color temperature (CCT) could be modulated. Although higher SY concentrations yielded higher EQE, lower to moderate doping concentrations provided CCT values closer to ideal white light, indicating a trade-off between efficiency and color quality. Overall, this study demonstrates that proper selection of electron injection layers and hole blocking layers, introduction of PVK as a hole modulation layer, optimization of host–guest energy level alignment and spectral overlap, and enhancement of charge carrier mobility are critical factors for improving OLED efficiency and electrical performance. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency organic emissive materials and OLED devices. <br> https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/99358 title: 光子對與乙炔氣體的動態交互作用;Dynamic Interaction Behavior Between Photon Pairs AndAcetylene Gas abstract: 我們研究了分子吸收與量子光傳播之間的交互作用，重點聚焦於單光子 層級下的快光（fast-light）現象。從量子觀點出發，我們推導了吸收 譜線的形成機制，並在符合因果律的條件下，模擬了由反常色散所引起 的脈衝前移效應。 在實驗方面，透過自發參數下轉換（SPDC）所產生的單光子脈衝，其頻 譜被調整至與乙炔分子的吸收線對齊，成功觀察到不違反因果律的可測 負群延遲（negative group delay）。 作為前置步驟，我們亦分析了 SPDC 雙光子訊號的訊噪比（SNR），以確 定最佳操作條件。此外，本研究也指出，快光效應可望藉由有效負折射 率提升光學陀螺儀的靈敏度。;We investigate the interaction between molecular absorption and quantum light propagation, focusing on the fast-light phenomenon at the single-photon level. From a quantum perspective, we derived the formation mechanism of absorption lines and simulated pulse advancement induced by anomalous dispersion under causality. Experimentally, single-photon pulses generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion(SPDC) were spectrally aligned with an acetylene absorption line, enabling the observation of measurable negative group de lays without violating causality. As a preparatory step, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of SPDC biphotons was analyzed to determine the optimal operating regime. The potential application of fast light in enhancing optical gyroscope sensitivity via an effective negative refractive index is also highlighted. <br> https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/98130 title: 掃描式發光面特性量測;Scanning Emissive Surface Characterization abstract: 本研究旨在建構一套以機械手臂為核心的光學掃描系統，透過推導與實作的順向與逆向運動學模型，使六軸機械手臂能依指定路徑精確移動。系統於手臂末端裝設功率計（Power Meter），用以掃描顯示螢幕上特定光學圖樣之光功率分布，並建立實際量測結果之光功率影像。為提升空間解析度並限制量測區域，本研究於 Power Meter 前方加裝小孔以限制光學視場角（Field of View），使每次量測面積僅涵蓋螢幕上的微小範圍，進而提升重建結果的細節辨識能力。 整體系統採平面掃描路徑，固定末端執行器之姿態並沿螢幕平面逐點移動進行量測。透過分析 Power Meter 量測圖與原始圖樣之間的差異，可得知圖的誤差分布，進一步得知各掃描位置所對應的誤差，據以推估其可能產生的路徑誤差與角度偏移。本研究的方法能有效結合 Power Meter 與機械手臂，量測並解析二維平面的特徵。未來可進一步應用於多種不規則平面的量測，藉由掃描路徑重建其形狀與細節。 本研究結合機械手臂運動控制、光學掃描與誤差分析方法，展示其於精密光學量測、與誤差來源診斷等應用場域之潛力。;This study aims to develop an optical scanning system centered on a robotic arm. By deriving and implementing forward and inverse kinematics models, the six-axis robotic arm can accurately follow a specified trajectory. A power meter is mounted at the end effector to scan the light intensity distribution of specific optical patterns displayed on a screen, thereby generating an image of the measured light intensity. To improve spatial resolution and limit the measurement area, an aperture is installed in front of the power meter to restrict the field of view (FOV), ensuring that each measurement covers only a small portion of the screen and thus enhances the detail resolution in the reconstructed results. The overall system adopts a planar scanning path, with the end effector’s orientation fixed while moving point by point along a planar grid for measurement. By analyzing the differences between the power meter measurement map and the original pattern, the error distribution can be determined, and the positional errors corresponding to each scanning point can be identified. This information is then used to estimate potential trajectory deviations and angular offsets. The proposed method effectively integrates the power meter with the robotic arm to measure and analyze the features of two-dimensional surfaces. In the future, it can be extended to measure various irregular surfaces, reconstructing their shapes and details through scanning paths. By combining robotic arm motion control, optical scanning, and error analysis techniques, this research demonstrates the potential of the proposed system for applications in precision optical measurement and error source diagnostics. <br> https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/98126 title: 光譜量測之校正程序;Spectral Measurement Calibration Procedure abstract: 本研究提出一種方法，用以從光譜儀量測結果中重建原始光譜，該量測結果常因儀器響應與光學捲積效應而失真。在實驗中，利用連續光譜的寬頻白光通過單色儀，產生窄頻可見光，接著使用光譜儀進行量測與分析。 單色儀透過旋轉其光柵調整中心波長，以掃描特定波長。然而，由於光學系統解析度有限，每個像素接收到的訊號實際上是來自鄰近波長的整合結果，使得所量測的光譜實際上為原始光譜與儀器響應之捲積結果。 為了還原原始光譜，本研究將量測資料轉換至頻率域，並分析系統響應，特別關注由矩形窗函數傅立葉轉換所產生的 Sinc 函數特性。由於 Sinc 函數在某些頻率點會等於零，若在頻域中直接除以該響應，容易放大雜訊。因此，本研究引入Tikhonov 正則化方法，來抑制反捲積過程中產生的雜訊。 ;This study proposes a method to reconstruct the original spectrum from spectrometer measurements, which are often distorted due to instrument response and optical convolution effects. In the experiment, broadband white light with a continuous spectrum is passed through a monochromator to produce narrowband visible light, which is then measured and analyzed using a spectrometer. The monochromator scans specific wavelengths by rotating its diffraction grating to adjust the central wavelength. However, due to the limited resolution of the optical system, each pixel receives an integrated signal from neighboring wavelengths, resulting in a measured spectrum that is the convolution of the original spectrum and the instrument response. To recover the original spectrum, the measured data is transformed into the frequency domain using the Fourier transform, and the system response is analyzed, with particular attention to the characteristics of the Sinc function resulting from the Fourier transform of a rectangular window. Since the Sinc function becomes zero at certain frequencies, direct division in the frequency domain tends to amplify noise. Therefore, this study introduces the Tikhonov Regularization method to suppress noise generated during the deconvolution process. <br>