DSpace community: 認知與神經科學研究所

絕對音感、自閉症特質與靜息態功能性連結關聯性之行為與腦造影研究;Relationship between absolute pitch, autistic traits and resting-state functional connectivity: Behavioral and neuroimaging studies

title: 絕對音感、自閉症特質與靜息態功能性連結關聯性之行為與腦造影研究;Relationship between absolute pitch, autistic traits and resting-state functional connectivity: Behavioral and neuroimaging studies abstract: 絕對音感（Absolute Pitch, AP）與自閉症光譜障礙（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）常共同出現在特定個體中，兩者皆具有遺傳性與連續性，並與非典型的大腦連結模式相關。值得注意的是，在自閉症族群中，絕對音感能力的盛行率估計介於 5% 至 11% 之間。為解釋此絕對音感與自閉症特質之間的重疊現象，真實映射理論認為兩者可能共享某些特定的認知風格與神經連結特徵。然而，目前仍不清楚：（1）自閉症特質是否會影響絕對音感音樂家的表現；（2）這種關聯是否涉及自閉症三大腦網絡模型中的功能性連結異常。為釐清上述問題，我們進行了行為與靜息態功能性磁振造影實驗，以探討絕對音感能力與自閉症特質之間的關聯。行為實驗共招募了120 名受試者參與，依據絕對音感能力篩選準確度，將音樂家與非音樂家分為絕對音感組、非絕對音感組與非音樂家組，並比較其自閉症特質與音樂表現。所有受試者皆完成自閉症光譜量表，以評估自閉症特質的五個面向。此外，亦施測一系列與絕對音感能力相關的作業，包括音感調整測驗、相對音感辨識與音樂能力測驗。行為結果顯示，絕對音感組音樂家在「想像力」與「社交溝通」相關的自閉症特質分量表上得分顯著高於非絕對音感組與非音樂家。此外，在音樂能力測驗上絕對音感組音樂家音高辨識能力較佳，但在節奏辨識能力方面則無顯著關聯。我們運用靜息態功能性磁振造影技術探討絕對音感能力與自閉症特質在自閉症三大腦網絡模型中的功能性連結變化。招募了80名受試者參與，依據絕對音感能力篩選準確度，將音樂家與非音樂家分為絕對音感組、非絕對音感組與非音樂家組，並比較其自閉症特質與靜息態大腦功能之關聯性。結果顯示絕對音感組音樂家在預設模式網絡、警覺網絡與額頂葉網絡等自閉症相關核心腦區的功能性連結，與非絕對音感組及非音樂家組相比具有顯著差異。種子至體素與網絡內外分析結果進一步指出，絕對音感組音樂家呈現局部過度連結與整體低連結，且此連結模式與自閉症特質得分呈正相關。特別的是，在額頂葉網絡中，絕對音感組音樂家於中央前迴與額中迴呈現較高的活化程度，且此活化與自閉症特質及音樂節奏辨識能力呈正相關，可能反映兩者在此腦區的共同功能性參與。實驗結果顯示，來自行為與靜息態功能性磁振造影分析的結果提供了證據，支持絕對音感與自閉症特質之間的關聯性，並指出此關聯可能源自自閉症三大腦網絡模型中的功能性連結異常。儘管音樂訓練經驗與自閉症特質未呈現顯著相關，我們仍觀察到與自閉症特質及音樂能力相關的腦區活化。進一步地，我們排除行為共變數的影響，例如開始音樂訓練的年齡與音樂訓練累積時數。結果顯示，絕對音感音樂家的優勢仍然顯現在顳上迴、緣上迴、黑索氏迴、中央前迴、中央後迴、顳平面等腦區。此結果揭示，長期音樂訓練可能透過大腦可塑性，強化特定神經網絡的功能參與，並為理解音樂能力與自閉症特質的交互作用提供新的研究視角。 ;Absolute pitch (AP) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur in individuals. Both are heritable and continuous traits and are associated with atypical patterns of brain connectivity. Notably, the prevalence of AP in individuals with ASD has been estimated at 5% to 11%. To account for the overlap between absolute pitch and autistic traits, the veridical mapping theory proposes that the two may share specific cognitive styles and neural connectivity features. However, it remains unclear (1) whether autistic traits influence absolute pitch performance and (2) whether this relationship involves functional connectivity abnormalities within the three core large-scale networks implicated in autism. To address these questions, we conducted both behavioral and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) experiments to investigate the association between absolute pitch ability and autistic traits. In the behavioral experiment, a total of 120 participants were recruited. Based on the accuracy of absolute pitch screening, categorized into AP, non-AP, and non-musician groups. All participants completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), which evaluates autistic traits across five domains. In addition, a battery of AP-related tasks was administered, including the Pitch Adjustment Test (PAT), the Relative Pitch Test (RP), and the Advanced Measures of Music Audiation (AMMA). The behavioral results showed that AP musicians scored significantly higher than both non-AP musicians and non-musicians on the AQ subscales related to imagination and social communication. Furthermore, AP musicians outperformed others in tonal ability, while no significant effects were observed for rhythm ability. We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine alterations in functional connectivity between AP ability and autistic traits within the triple-network model of autism. We recruited 80 participants and found significant differences between AP musicians, non-AP musicians, and non-musicians in core autism-related networks, including the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Fronto-Parietal Network (FPN). Seed-to-voxel and within–between network analyses further demonstrated that the AP group exhibited a pattern of local hyperconnectivity alongside global hypoconnectivity, which was positively correlated with autistic trait scores. Notably, within the FPN, AP musicians showed increased activation in the precentral gyrus (preCG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). This activation was positively correlated with both autistic traits and rhythm ability, which may reflect their shared functional involvement in this brain region. The observed behavioral and neural profiles suggest a meaningful convergence between AP and specific autistic traits, suggesting that this relationship may be driven by functional connectivity abnormalities within the triple-network model of autism. Despite musical training experience not significantly correlated with autistic traits, we observed neural activation in regions associated with both autistic traits and musical abilities. To further clarify these results, we controlled behavioral covariates such as age of onset of musical training and cumulative training hours. The findings revealed that AP musicians continued to exhibit enhanced activation in key auditory and sensorimotor regions. Overall, long-term musical training may enhance neuroplasticity and shed new light on the link between musical ability and autistic traits.

音頻拓樸對時間性音高知覺的影響;Tonotopic Effects on Temporal-Based Pitch Perception

title: 音頻拓樸對時間性音高知覺的影響;Tonotopic Effects on Temporal-Based Pitch Perception abstract: 音高知覺是語音理解、音樂欣賞以及聽覺場域分析中的關鍵因素。音高的產生大致來自兩個主要的機制理論：時間理論，源自神經元相位鎖定的放電模式以追蹤聲波的週期性；以及位置理論，源自耳蝸音頻拓樸(tonotopy)上的分佈。雖然兩種機制皆獲得支持，但它們的交互作用仍未被完全釐清，尤其在高頻音，調幅(AM)扮演更重要的角色。音訊中的調幅或包絡如何影響音高知覺，以及載波特性如何影響時間性音高 (time pitch)，仍是未解之謎。本研究使用轉置音(transposed tones)，將位置(載波)與時間(包絡)線索分離，以探討音頻拓樸對時間性音高的影響。實驗一，包絡被轉置到 1至10 kHz 的高頻載波以及噪音載波上。透過音高辨別、音程辨別與旋律識別任務，我們確認高頻聲音中的時間包絡能引發強而明顯的音高知覺，其表現隨著載波頻率增加而提升，且在純音載波上優於噪音載波。這些結果顯示，時間包絡對音高知覺的重要性，及其所受音頻拓樸的影響。實驗二進一步檢驗多載波的轉置音。雖然諧波會產生基音的音高知覺，但此現象在轉置後並不存在。我們發現，轉置音的音高知覺乃是由最低頻載波的包絡週期性所決定的。此外，我們更發現，包絡頻率比載波更能決定轉置音的音高知覺。為了分析這些結果，我們採用全域希爾伯特頻譜分析（Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis, HHSA），這是一種非線性方法，特別適合分析非線性與非穩態訊號，能提供載波頻率與調幅頻率的二維呈現。結果顯示，HHSA 呈現出的主要調幅頻率與轉置音的音高知覺完全相符。總結而言，本研究證明了時間性的資訊(包絡)能夠在高頻聲音中提供強而明顯的音高知覺。同時，HHSA 提供一個良好的聽覺訊號分析，可以分析出與音高知覺相符的調幅頻率。這些基於轉置音實驗與 HHSA 的研究，不僅深化了在音高知覺中，音頻拓樸與時間訊息交互作用的理解，也為聽覺輔具的發展提出了新的方向。 ;Pitch perception is essential to speech understanding, music appreciation, and auditory scene analysis. It arises from two complementary mechanisms: the time theory, derived from phase-locked neural firing patterns tracking waveform periodicity, and the place theory, derived from excitation along the cochlear tonotopic map. While both mechanisms are supported, their interaction remains unresolved, particularly in high-frequency hearing where amplitude modulation (AM) cues dominate. Although AM is preserved throughout the auditory system, how it contributes to pitch perception and how carrier properties shape temporal pitch remain open questions. This dissertation uses transposed tones, which dissociate spectral (carrier/place) and temporal (envelope/time) cues, to probe tonotopic influences on temporal-based pitch. In Experiment 1, AM envelopes were transposed onto carriers from 1 to 10 kHz and onto noise carriers. Pitch discrimination, interval discrimination, and melody identification tasks confirmed that temporal envelope fluctuations in high-frequency sounds evoke a robust pitch percept. Performance improved with increasing carrier frequency and was stronger for tonal than noise carriers. These findings indicate that pitch information provided by temporal envelope is more pronounced than previously assumed and shaped by tonotopic position. Experiment 2 extended this by examining transposed tones on multiple carriers. Though harmonic complexes normally produce a fundamental pitch, this phenomenon failed to preserved after transposition. We found the envelope periodicity on the lowest-frequency tonotopy dominates the pitch of transposed tones. Furthermore, we found pitch perception is driven more by envelope frequency than carrier spectrum in transposed tones. To analyze these results, we employed Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HHSA), a nonlinear method providing a two-dimensional representation of instantaneous frequency and AM. Unlike Fourier or wavelet analyses, HHSA is adaptive and suitable for nonlinear and non-stationary signals such as speech or music. HHSA consistently revealed the dominant AM frequency that matched perceived pitch. In summary, this work demonstrates that temporal envelope cues can support robust pitch perception at high frequencies. HHSA further provides a powerful analytic framework to reveal the AM dynamics underlying these percepts. These findings from transposed-tone experiments and HHSA advance understanding of the interplay between spectral and temporal coding in pitch perception and suggest new directions for auditory prosthetics.

探究動態神經網絡在視覺意識、注意力及工作記憶的關鍵角色( II );Investigating the Casual Roles of Dynamical Brain Oscillations in Visual Awareness, Attention and Working Memory( II )

title: 探究動態神經網絡在視覺意識、注意力及工作記憶的關鍵角色( II );Investigating the Casual Roles of Dynamical Brain Oscillations in Visual Awareness, Attention and Working Memory( II ) abstract: 本研究計畫旨在整合台灣實驗心理學相關實驗室的資源與經驗，建立研究理論探究大腦神經振盪的動態變化在視覺意識、注意力、工作記憶的因果聯結和應用技術。透過腦電波、神經影像與非侵入性神經調節技術及獨步全球的動態訊號分析方法，精準解析上述認知功能的心理與神經生理機制指標。透過多年累積的研究經驗和成果，我們的研究團隊已於相關主題取得初步的進展。我們期望藉由此計畫的執行，達到突破性的成果，並促進人文社會科學、心理學及認知神經科學領域的整合研究，以達到增進社會福祉的效能。

建構新世代精準女性足球運動生心理、傷害及表現的智慧感測與衡鑑平台-建構新世代精準女性足球運動生心理、傷害及表現的智慧感測與衡鑑平台( III );Next-Generation Precision Smart Sensing and Analytics Platform for the Evaluation and Enhancement of Sports Physiology, Psychology, Injury and Performance in Elite Female Soccer Players( III )

title: 建構新世代精準女性足球運動生心理、傷害及表現的智慧感測與衡鑑平台-建構新世代精準女性足球運動生心理、傷害及表現的智慧感測與衡鑑平台( III );Next-Generation Precision Smart Sensing and Analytics Platform for the Evaluation and Enhancement of Sports Physiology, Psychology, Injury and Performance in Elite Female Soccer Players( III ) abstract: 本計畫所開發各類足球評估平台、系統及策略，將有效提昇我國各級女子足球國家代表隊參加未來國際足球賽事的競技實力及運動成績，並能增加我國未來女性參與足球發展的機會與平台，且能帶動全民運動風氣、凝聚國人對運動及健康的重視、促進運動相關產業的發展。此外，本計畫也將同時推動基層幼兒足球的發展，以達深耕全民運動健康之目標。