DSpace collection: 期刊論文

Zoning eco-environmental vulnerability for environmental management and protection

title: Zoning eco-environmental vulnerability for environmental management and protection abstract: 出版者： Elsevier BV 出版日期： 2016-10 出處： Ecological Indicators, 2016-10, Vol.69, p.100-117 識別號： ISSN: 1470-160X 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.026

Wind-induced splash in Class A evaporation pan

title: Wind-induced splash in Class A evaporation pan abstract: 摘要： This study investigates the wind‐induced splash in the Class A evaporation pan through a series of wind tunnel experiments. The experimental results revealed that high wind speed can generate seiche wave inside the pan and splash water out of the pan in several minutes. The splash loss increases as the wind speed increases, and the loss rate is at least one order of magnitude greater than the evaporation rate. In other words, the water loss from the pan is not entirely due to evaporation, and the evaporation rates under high wind speeds are over‐estimated. By checking the wind speeds and evaporation rates from a four‐year (2004–2008) field observation collected in northern Taiwan, it is found that the hourly evaporation rate was unusually high when wind speed was larger than 7 m s−1. The splash‐out criterion is set as: hourly average wind speed U ≥ 7 m s−1 and evaporation rate E > 1.64 mm hr−1. The ratio of the splash‐out to the average evaporation rate is 0.75% at this site. In addition, this study examines the influence of the initial water depth in the pan on the evaporation rate. The results demonstrate that, because of the shelter effect caused by the rim of the pan, the evaporation rates for water depth less than 8 cm are lower than that of standard water depth (20 cm) when wind speed U = 4 and 6 m s−1. However, the shelter effect becomes insignificant when wind speed was U = 2 m s−1. Key Points This study investigates the wind‐induced splash in the Class A evaporation pan The water loss from the pan is not entirely due to evaporation The splash loss increased as wind speed increased 其他題名： J. Geophys. Res 出版者： Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 出版日期： 2012-06-16 出處： Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2012-06, Vol.117 (D11), p.n/a 資源來源： Alma/SFX Local Collection 版權： Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union 版權： 2015 INIST-CNRS 版權： Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Jun 2012 識別號： ISSN: 0148-0227 識別號： ISSN: 2169-897X 識別號： ISSN: 2156-2202 識別號： EISSN: 2156-2202 識別號： EISSN: 2169-8996 識別號： DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016848

Windbreak protection for road vehicles against crosswind

title: Windbreak protection for road vehicles against crosswind abstract: 摘要： In this study, wind tunnel experiments and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model were used to investigate the protective effect of porous windbreak on road vehicles against crosswind. The model prediction of the side force and lift coefficients compared favorably with the wind tunnel experiments of vehicles on the ground. The simulation results of the wake flows behind porous windbreaks were verified by the results of wind tunnel experiments. Then the validated numerical model was used to inspect the effect of porous windbreaks for the protection of vehicles on a bridge. The flow conditions included four different windbreak heights (0, 1, 2 and 3m) and three different porosities (0, 0.233 and 0.485). The numerical results showed that the porous windbreaks could significantly reduce the side force coefficient of the vehicle, and the side force experienced by the vehicles on the windward lane of the bridge is smaller than that on the leeward lane because of the impermeable concrete barrier and windward windbreak. In addition, the shielding effect of the windbreak height of 2m plus the barrier of 0.8m height is sufficient to protect the vehicles of 3.6m height. •This paper investigates the windbreak protection against crosswind on road vehicle.•The side force on vehicles were calculated by a Large Eddy Simulation model.•The 2m high windbreak could significantly reduce the side force on the vehicle.•The drag coefficients of the porous windbreaks are also calculated. 出版者： Elsevier Ltd 出版日期： 2013-05-01 出處： Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 2013-05, Vol.116, p.61-69 資源來源： Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete 版權： 2013 Elsevier Ltd 識別號： ISSN: 0167-6105 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2013.02.001

Wind induced energy-momentum distribution along the Ekman-Stokes layer. Application to the Western Mediterranean Sea climate

title: Wind induced energy-momentum distribution along the Ekman-Stokes layer. Application to the Western Mediterranean Sea climate abstract: 摘要： Wind–wave interaction in the Western Mediterranean Sea is analyzed using 16 years of model data. The mass transport and energy distribution due to wind and waves are integrated through the Ekman–Stokes layer and then spatially and seasonally analyzed. The Stokes drift is estimated from an empirical parameterization accounting for local surface wind and the significant wave height. The impact of the Stokes drift depends on wind variability at the ocean surface and also on the geographical configuration of the basin. The Western Mediterranean Sea has on average a wind energy input two times higher in winter than in summer, and the Stokes–Ekman mass transport interaction term contributes approximately 10–15% of the total wind induced transport, but at some locations the contribution is as much as 40% or more. •We assess the energy–momentum distribution along Ekman–Stokes layer.•The spatial–temporal variability in the Ekman–Stokes depth is studied in the Western Mediterranean.•We quantify the importance of the wind–wave interaction terms using model data.•Stokes-Ekman interaction term contributes on average 10%-15% of the total wind transport. 出版者： Oxford: Elsevier Ltd 出版日期： 2016-05 出處： Deep-sea research. Part I, Oceanographic research papers, 2016-05, Vol.111, p.34-49 版權： 2016 Elsevier Ltd 版權： Copyright Pergamon Press Inc. May 2016 識別號： ISSN: 0967-0637 識別號： ISSN: 1879-0119 識別號： EISSN: 1879-0119 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.01.004