https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/81 Search the Channel s https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/simple-search https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/99496 title: 結合RSM與ASM model探討公共污水處理廠 最佳配置與操作之排碳分析 -以A污水處理廠為例;Carbon emission analysis of optimal configuration and operation strategies in municipal wastewater treatment plants using the RSM and ASM integrated model -A case study of plant A abstract: 因捷運站周遭地區人口快速遽增，A污水處理廠之污水量也快速增加，以及因應政府日趨嚴格的放流水標準，因此對於污水處理廠的優化勢在必行，本研究利用GPS-X水質模擬軟體，深入分析和優化A污水處理廠的操作參數，以減少污水處理廠的機電設備能耗且能符合放流水標準為目標。 以A污水處理廠2024年11月至2025年3月(冬季)之平均進出流水量水質作為GPS-X模型的校正資料，經由模擬至穩態(steady state)後進行動態模擬，可代表模擬出污水處理廠操作現況，接者輸入2024年6月至2024年10月(夏季)之平均進出流水量水質及經溫度校正的動力參數作為驗證模型資料，以確保模型的穩定性與正確性。模型訂定後，本研究分析兩種情境之模擬結果，分別為(A)以RSM-CCD作為前期篩選工具，並在固定條件下，比較生物處理系統各池槽數量(缺氧池、好氧池、MBR池)之模擬，經由最佳化分析，此情境確立一套最佳池槽配置策略，最終建議之配置為2池缺氧池（Anoxic）、3池好氧池（Aerobic）與3列MBR池，大幅簡化了池槽設計，同時使放流水質符合法規標準；(B)智能化操控曝氣風量，係依實際各時段水量需求進行曝氣，以確定最佳化的操作參數，可有效避免過度曝氣，減少不必要之能耗。綜上情境最佳化的操作參數，藉以分析再生水廠的處理效能及能耗，這些參數在保證放流水質達標的同時，與原始配置相較下，最佳化配置顯著降低10 %的能源消耗。 本研究利用GPS-X水質模擬軟體進行模擬優化，是提升污水處理廠運轉效率的一種有效方法，可以為實際操作提供有價值的參考依據。 ;Due to the rapid population growth in areas surrounding the metro station, the influent flow rate to A Wastewater Treatment Plant has increased significantly. In addition, increasingly stringent effluent discharge standards imposed by the government have made the optimization of wastewater treatment plant operations imperative. This study employs the GPS-X process simulation software to comprehensively analyze and optimize the operational parameters of A WWTP, with the objectives of reducing electromechanical energy consumption while ensuring compliance with effluent standards. The GPS-X model was calibrated using the average influent and effluent flow rates and water quality data collected during the winter period from November 2024 to March 2025. After reaching steady-state conditions, dynamic simulations were conducted to represent the actual operational conditions of the WWTP. Subsequently, the model was validated using average influent and effluent data from the summer period (June 2024 to October 2024), together with temperature-corrected kinetic parameters, to ensure model stability and reliability. After model establishment, two optimization scenarios were evaluated. Scenario (A) employed Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) as a preliminary screening tool to compare different configurations of the biological treatment system, including the number of anoxic tanks, aerobic tanks, and membrane bioreactor (MBR) units under fixed operating conditions. Through optimization analysis, an optimal tank configuration strategy was identified, consisting of two anoxic tanks, three aerobic tanks, and three MBR trains. This configuration significantly simplified the tank design while ensuring that effluent quality met regulatory standards. Scenario (B) focused on intelligent control of aeration airflow based on real-time influent flow variations to determine optimal operational parameters, thereby avoiding excessive aeration and reducing unnecessary energy consumption. Based on the optimized parameters derived from both scenarios, the treatment performance and energy consumption of the reclaimed water plant were further analyzed. Compared with the original configuration, the optimized operational strategy achieved compliance with effluent standards while reducing overall energy consumption by approximately 10%. Overall, this study demonstrates that simulation-based optimization using GPS-X is an effective approach for improving the operational efficiency of wastewater treatment plants and provides valuable insights for practical plant operation and management. <br> https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/99492 title: 廢水零排放之乾燥系統開發與節能改善 abstract: 台灣雖雨量充沛，但受限於地形高聳及河川坡陡流急，約七成雨水直接入海，導致蓄水效能不足。聯合國因此將台灣列為全球第18 缺水國。隨著環境保護需求日益提升，國內產業逐步推動廢水回收再利用，並以廢水零排放(Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD)為目標。零排放相關設備的技術發展與操作維護，不僅攸關企業環保績效，亦為推動循環經濟之核心基礎。 本研究以某光電廠A 之廢水處理系統為案例，藉由導入蒸發及乾燥單元以實現ZLD。由於高溫處理方式能耗龐大，首先以逆滲透與倒極式電透析濃縮廢水，以提升水回收率並降低後端處理負荷。所得高鹽濃縮液進入一次濃縮槽，再經機械式蒸氣再壓縮系統(Mechanical Vapor Recompression, MVR)與滾筒式常壓乾燥機進行蒸發與乾燥，最終產生含水率低於20%的固體鹽類，並由合格處理業者進行後續處置。實廠數據顯示，MVR 每年處理約131,400 m³廢水，柴油成本約13,140,000 元，計算單位處理成本100 元/m³；而滾筒式常壓乾燥機每年僅處理8,760 m³廢水，卻需32,412,000 元柴油費用，單位成本高達3,700 元/m³，顯示其為系統能耗主要來源。 為改善滾筒式常壓乾燥單元之高能耗，本研究採用抽真空以降低廢水沸點，並優化真空度與操作條件後導入實廠。結果顯示，在相同處理水量下，單位成本降至1,863 元/m³，較原系統降低49.6%；年柴油消耗量減少321,756 L，相當於約850 公噸CO₂排放削減(依據環保署柴油燃燒排放係數2.64 kg CO₂/L 計算)。此外，蒸餾過程產生之冷凝水具回收再利用潛能，可進一步提升整體系統效益。 綜合而言，本研究驗證以真空乾燥取代常壓乾燥，能顯著降低能耗與碳排放，兼具經濟性與環境效益，對台灣產業推動廢水零排放具重要參考價值。;Although Taiwan receives abundant rainfall, its steep terrain and rapid river flows cause approximately 70% of precipitation to discharge directly into the ocean, resulting in limited water storage capacity. Consequently, the United Nations has ranked Taiwan as the 18th most water-scarce country in the world. With increasing demands for environmental protection,domestic industries have progressively promoted wastewater reclamation and reuse, targeting Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) as a key objective. The technological development, operation,and maintenance of ZLD-related facilities are not only crucial to corporate environmental performance but also constitute a core foundation for advancing the circular economy. This study investigates the wastewater treatment system of a photovoltaic manufacturing plant (Plant A) as a case study, in which ZLD is achieved through the integration of evaporation and drying units. Given the high energy consumption associated with high-temperature treatment processes, reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis reversal (EDR) were first applied to concentrate the wastewater, thereby increasing water recovery and reducing the load on downstream processes. The resulting high-salinity concentrate was fed into a primary concentration tank and subsequently treated by a Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) system and an atmospheric rotary drum dryer for evaporation and drying. Ultimately, solid salts with a moisture content below 20% were produced and disposed of by certified waste treatment contractors. Full-scale operational data indicate that the MVR system treats approximately 131,400 m³ of wastewater annually, with a diesel cost of about NT$13,140,000 corresponding to a unit treatment cost of NT$100/m³. In contrast, the atmospheric rotary drum dryer processes only 8,760 m³ per year yet incurs a diesel cost of NT$32,412,000 resulting in a unit cost as high as NT$3,700/m³, identifying it as the primary source of energy consumption in the system. To address the excessive energy demand of the atmospheric rotary drum drying unit, this study introduced vacuum operation to reduce the boiling point of the wastewater and optimized the vacuum level and operating conditions prior to full-scale implementation. The results show that, under the same treatment capacity, the unit cost was reduced to NT$1,863/m³, representing a 49.6% reduction compared with the original system. Annual diesel consumption decreased by 321,756 L, equivalent to an estimated reduction of approximately 850 metric tons of CO₂ emissions (calculated using the Environmental Protection Administration diesel emission factor of 2.64 kg CO₂/L). In addition, the condensate generated during the distillation process exhibits potential for recovery and reuse, further enhancing the overall system efficiency. In summary, this study demonstrates that replacing atmospheric drying with vacuum drying can significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions while providing both economic and environmental benefits. The findings offer valuable reference for Taiwanese industries seeking to implement wastewater zero liquid discharge strategies. <br> https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/98695 title: 牙醫診所室內懸浮微粒濃度特性分析研究;Analysis of Indoor Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration Characteristics in Dental Clinics abstract: 本研究探討牙醫診所內部不同空間的懸浮微粒（Particulate matter,PM)PM2.5與PM10）濃度變化，評估不同診間與時段差異對室內空氣品質之影響，並驗證空氣清淨機對室內空氣品質改善之效益，並使用空氣品質監測儀器及空氣盒子（AirBox）進行不同區域空氣品質監控，並記錄通風系統運作狀況、儀器使用頻率及病患流量等相關影響因素。另以直讀式儀器（TSI-8530、M2000 與TES-1370H）與微感測器（PMS5003、SCD30）交叉比對CO2 濃度變化以確保數據可信度。 研究結果顯示，清洗室因石膏研磨產生最高濃度微粒（PM₂.₅與PM₁₀尖峰濃 度可逾200 μg/m³），為主要污染來源。半開放式診療區於尖峰時段亦因人員及機械操作頻繁而濃度升高（中位數約19–20 μg/m³），而候診區於離峰及清潔時段出現累積現象（24.6–25.4 μg/m³），反映換氣不足導致公共空間亦存在暴露風險。相較之下，臨近出入口或靠近清淨機區域的PM 濃度則相對較低。空氣清淨機可在研磨操作與候診時段顯著降低PM 濃度（50–80%），但若未搭配局部排氣，仍不足以完全降低高峰期懸浮微粒暴露於空間中。 牙醫診所內懸浮微粒分佈與作業活動及通風效率密切相關。針對高風險區 （如石膏研磨）與人員聚集區（如診療區），建議採高效空氣清淨機與局部排氣系統為主，並輔以安裝全熱交換器提升整體換氣率，以及持續進行 CO₂ 監測作為通風管理指標，進一步提升牙醫診所的室內空氣品質。此外，執行高暴露風險作業之人員應配戴 N95 等級以上的個人防護裝備，保障醫護人員健康。;This study investigates spatiotemporal variations in particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) across functional zones of a dental clinic, evaluates how room type and time period affect indoor air quality (IAQ), and verifies the effectiveness of air purifiers in improving IAQ. Air quality was continuously monitored in multiple areas using reference instruments and Air Box sensors; operation of the ventilation system, instrument usage frequency, and patient flow were recorded as potential covariates. To ensure data reliability, CO₂ concentration variations were cross-checked using directreading instruments (TSI-8530, M2000, and TES-1370H) and microsensors (PMS5003 and SCD30). Results show that the cleaning room (plaster grinding area) generated the highest particle concentrations (PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ peaks >200 μg/m³), indicating a primary source of emissions. In the semi-open treatment area, concentrations rose during peak hours due to frequent personnel movement and equipment operation (median ≈19–20 μg/m³). The waiting area exhibited accumulation during off-peak and cleaning periods (24.6–25.4 μg/m³), reflecting inadequate ventilation and exposure risks in public spaces. By contrast, zones near entrances or close to air purifiers had relatively lower PM levels. Air purifiers reduced PM concentrations substantially during grinding and waiting periods (by 50–80%), but without local exhaust ventilation they were insufficient to fully mitigate peak exposures. PM distributions in dental clinics are closely linked to work activities and ventilation efficiency. For high-risk zones (e.g., plaster grinding) and crowded treatment areas, we recommend deploying high-efficiency air purifiers together with local exhaust ventilation, supplemented by installing energy recovery ventilators to increase overall air-change rates, and continuous CO₂ monitoring as a ventilation management indicator to further improve IAQ. Personnel performing high-exposure tasks should wear N95- class (or higher) respiratory protection to safeguard health. <br> https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/98692 title: 貨櫃船靠港期間使用岸電對空氣污染物及溫室氣體減排之效益探討 abstract: 本研究旨在探討貨櫃船於高雄港靠泊期間的空氣污染物與溫室氣體排放並透過量化數據，評估包含使用岸電在內的多種減排策略之潛在效益與現實挑戰，當岸電的環保效益與航商的經濟成本考量產生衝突時，為何台灣的岸電推廣會陷入市場失靈與政策效能不彰的困境，並試圖從不同政策比較的角度尋求解方。 在減排策略的評估方面，若能強制要求所有進入港區的船舶，全面改用硫含量低於0.1%的低硫輕柴油（Marine Gas Oil, MGO），將能降低68.13%的硫氧化物與60.25%的粒狀物排放。同時，若能鼓勵或要求已具備符合第三期氮氧化物排放標準（NOx Tier III）能力的船舶在港區啟用相關減排設備，將可使氮氧化物排放降低9.99%。國內現行對於船舶使用排煙脫硫設備（SOx Scrubber）的管制政策過於模糊，若船舶持續在港區內使用開環式脫硫設備搭配高硫燃油，其硫氧化物排放量反而高於直接換用低硫燃油，並有將空氣污染轉移為水污染的風險。 岸電在消除環境污染有巨大潛力，使用岸電不僅能使港區的空氣污染物及溫室氣體排放趨近於零，更能顯著降低噪音；整體區域空氣污染物排放(氮氧化物減少99.98%、硫氧化物減少99.99%及粒狀物減少99.99%)與溫室氣體排放(減少29.98%)顯著降低。然而，其推廣面臨著嚴峻的經濟障礙。船舶自行燃油發電的單位成本，與向台電購買工業用電的價格幾乎沒有差異，在缺乏明確的成本節省誘因或強力法規管制下，航商缺乏使用岸電的動力。 建議政府應採取多管齊下的綜合性策略。短期內，優先獎勵使用海運輕柴油及NOx Tier III排放標準等立即可行的措施。長期來看，要成功推廣岸電，除了持續建置基礎設施外，更關鍵的是必須透過明確的法規或足夠的經濟補助，創造出讓航商願意選擇岸電的有利環境，如此方能使岸電的環保效益有效發揮，改善台灣港口環境並邁向永續發展。 ;This study investigates the air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions from container ships berthed at the Port of Kaohsiung. Through quantitative data, it evaluates the potential benefits and practical challenges of various emission reduction strategies, including the use of shore power. It explores why the promotion of shore power in Taiwan has encountered market failure and policy ineffectiveness when its environmental benefits conflict with the economic considerations of shipping companies, and attempts to find solutions from the perspective of comparing different policies. In the evaluation of emission reduction strategies, mandating that all vessels entering the port area switch to marine gas oil (Marine Gas Oil, MGO) with a sulphur content below 0.1% could reduce sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions by 68.13% and particulate matter (PM) emissions by 60.25%. Simultaneously, encouraging or requiring vessels equipped with NOx Tier III emission standard capabilities to activate relevant reduction equipment in the port area could lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 9.99%. The current domestic regulations on the use of SOx scrubbers on ships are ambiguous. If ships continue to use open-loop scrubbers with high-sulphur fuel in the port area, their SOx emissions are actually higher than if they were to switch directly to low-sulfur fuel, and there is a risk of converting air pollution into water pollution. Shore power has immense potential for eliminating air pollution. The use of shore power can not only bring air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions in the port area close to zero but also significantly reduce noise. The overall regional emissions of air pollutants (NOx reduced by 99.98%, SOx by 99.99%, and PM by 99.99%) and greenhouse gases (reduced by 29.98%) are significantly lowered. However, its promotion faces severe economic obstacles. There is almost no difference between the unit cost of a ship generating its own power from fuel and the price of purchasing industrial electricity from Taipower. In the absence of clear cost-saving incentives or strong legal regulations, shipping companies lack the motivation to use shore power at current stage. In conclusion, the government should adopt a multi-pronged, comprehensive strategy. In the short term, priority should be given to incentivizing immediately feasible measures such as the use of marine gas oil and adherence to NOx Tier III emission standards. In the long term, to successfully promote shore power in Taiwan, in addition to continuing the construction of infrastructure, the key is to create a favorable environment where shipping companies are willing to choose shore power through clear regulations or sufficient economic subsidies. Only then can the environmental benefits of shore power be effectively realized, improving the environment of Taiwan′s ports and moving towards sustainable development. <br>