DSpace collection: 博碩士論文

客語能力認證在少數族群語言權利保障的實踐：以客語為通行語地區為例

title: 客語能力認證在少數族群語言權利保障的實踐：以客語為通行語地區為例 abstract: 本研究探討《客語為通行語實施辦法》與客語能力認證在客家文化重點發展區的實施成效、挑戰與未來展望。透過文獻分析與深度訪談，研究選取低、中、高客家人口比例地區進行比較，分析政策執行的差異及影響因素。結果顯示，將客語作為地方通行語的政策有助於提升其語言地位，並提高公務人員參與客語認證的動機。然而，初級認證級別未能完全滿足日常客語溝通需求，且實務應用仍面臨誘因不足與推廣力度不夠的挑戰。政策的實施成效亦受到地方客家人口比例、語言環境及機關首長支持態度等因素的顯著影響。為提升政策執行效能，本研究建議應重視客語市場需求的創造，優化客語為通行語的評核標準，並強化中央與地方之間的跨部會合作與長期規劃。同時，應建立系統化的成功經驗分享與資源共享機制，以促進不同地區間政策的聯動與協調，從而提升整體政策效益。 ;This study examines the implementation effectiveness, challenges, and future prospects of the Hakka as a Local Common Language Implementation Measures and the Hakka Language Proficiency Certification in key Hakka cultural development areas. Through document analysis and in-depth interviews, the study compares regions with low, medium, and high Hakka population densities to analyze differences in policy execution and influencing factors. The findings indicate that the policy of adopting Hakka as a local common language helps enhance its status and increases the motivation of public servants to participate in Hakka certification. However, the elementary-level certification fails to fully meet the needs of daily Hakka communication, and its practical application continues to face challenges due to insufficient incentives and inadequate promotion efforts. The effectiveness of policy implementation is also significantly influenced by factors such as the proportion of the local Hakka population, the linguistic environment, and the level of support from institutional leaders. To improve policy execution, this study recommends focusing on creating demand for Hakka in the market, refining the evaluation standards for Hakka as a Local Common Language, and strengthening cross-ministerial collaboration and long-term planning between central and local governments. Additionally, establishing a systematic mechanism for sharing successful experiences and resources would facilitate policy coordination and interaction across different regions, thereby enhancing overall policy effectiveness.

臺灣節慶設計師作為文化中介者之研究-以桃園仙草花節導入形象設計為例;A Study of Taiwanese Festival Designers as Cultural Mediators: A Case Study of Image Design Introduction in the Taoyuan Grass Jelly Festival

title: 臺灣節慶設計師作為文化中介者之研究-以桃園仙草花節導入形象設計為例;A Study of Taiwanese Festival Designers as Cultural Mediators: A Case Study of Image Design Introduction in the Taoyuan Grass Jelly Festival abstract: 臺灣節慶活動多元且豐富，各縣市政府都有琳瑯滿目的節慶，在地化的節慶活動都有屬於各地的節慶特色，然而近年來各地的地方特色性所演變出的節慶形象設計充滿了奇特性，衍生出台灣新型態的節慶。因此，本文在研究觀點上借鑑援引本文採用了法國社會學家Pierre Bourdieu提出的「文化資本」所國內延伸出「文化中介者」架構作為分析設計師在形象元素轉變的觀點。該架構包括了生產端(委託方) 認同和再現(形象設計及文化元素)、設計師(文化中介者)、消費端(民眾)等4個文化面向，能夠更全面地紀錄形象設計再節慶轉變的動態過程。在當代面臨了哪些新的挑戰與變動。研究以桃園仙草花節的設計師團隊為研究對象，以文化中介者及設計文化資本的概念下，看見設計師團隊如何因應生產端(桃園市政府農業局)要求的及利用自身的設計文化資本如何闡述出消費端(民眾)應對所展現出來的樣貌。研究中同時運用了設計師團隊的架構，經由桃園市政府農業局的要求及面對不同風格的設計，透過設計師團隊自身內化的方式，建立起屬於桃園仙草花節的形象設計，在民眾面前詮釋出，促使桃園仙草花節有更好的連結。研究發現，桃園仙草花節設計師團隊的配合性非常高，廠商身上通常都不是只有處理一個節慶活動的標案，流連在不同活動之間，去適應不同風格的節慶，不再被固有觀念束縛住，而是透過自身的經驗、品味累積，在民眾面前展示出來。其中，也包含了設計師團隊背後所隱藏的設計文化成資本；因應汰換率高的工作，設計師團隊要不斷地培養自身的能力，跟進最新的設計趨勢，同時兼顧內、外在，維持在最好的狀態，才能促進桃園市政府農業局(生產端)與民眾(消費端)之間的扣連。本文採用質性研究方法，包括文獻分析法、實地觀察法和深度訪談法，以探索地方節慶轉化與再創造過程中涉及的因素。文化貫穿我們生活的各個層面，桃園市仙草花節就是近年來新興的節慶，也是在客家庄當中成功的代表。透過這案例研究，觀察臺灣節慶設計師做為文化中介者，導入形象設計希望透過不同的形象設計，推廣客庄各類型的活動，實現其永續傳承。關鍵字:節慶、桃園仙草花節、文化中介者、設計師團隊、形象設計 ;Taiwan′s festivals are diverse and rich, with various local governments offering a plethora of festivals, each with its own local characteristics. In recent years, the unique festival image designs that have emerged from these local characteristics have led to a new type of festival in Taiwan. Therefore, this article adopts the concept of "cultural capital" proposed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and the domestically extended framework of "cultural intermediaries" as the analytical perspective for examining the transformation of image elements by designers. This framework includes four cultural dimensions: production side (client) recognition and representation (image design and cultural elements), designers (cultural intermediaries), and consumption side (public), which allows for a more comprehensive record of the dynamic process of image design transformation in festivals. It also addresses the new challenges and changes faced in contemporary times. The study focuses on the design team of the Taoyuan Grass Jelly Festival, using the concepts of cultural intermediaries and design cultural capital to understand how the design team responds to the requirements of the production side (Taoyuan City Government Agriculture Bureau) and utilizes their design cultural capital to articulate the appearance expected by the consumption side (public). The study also employs the framework of the design team, through the requirements of the Taoyuan City Government Agriculture Bureau and facing different styles of design, the design team internalizes these aspects to establish the image design of the Taoyuan Grass Jelly Festival, interpreting it to the public and enhancing the festival′s connection. The research found that the Taoyuan Grass Jelly Festival design team exhibited a high degree of cooperation. Vendors typically handle multiple festival projects, adapting to different festival styles without being constrained by preconceived notions. They showcase their experience and accumulated taste to the public. This includes the hidden design cultural capital behind the design team; due to the high turnover rate in their work, the design team must continuously cultivate their abilities, follow the latest design trends, and maintain their best state both internally and externally to facilitate the connection between the Taoyuan City Government Agriculture Bureau (production side) and the public (consumption side). This study employs qualitative research methods, including literature analysis, field observation, and in-depth interviews, to explore the factors involved in the transformation and recreation process of local festivals. Culture permeates all aspects of our lives, and the Taoyuan Grass Jelly Festival is a newly emerging festival in recent years and a successful representative in the Hakka villages. Through this case study, we observe Taiwanese festival designers as cultural intermediaries, introducing image design to promote various activities in Hakka villages and achieve sustainable heritage. Keywords: Festival, Taoyuan Grass Jelly Festival, Cultural Intermediaries, Design Team, Image Design

法國客家人的認同與想像：以客家社團為例

title: 法國客家人的認同與想像：以客家社團為例 abstract: 早期客家人迫於生存的壓力不斷向外遷移，早在中國原鄉，客家人就有進行過多次的大規模遷移。如今 21 世紀，在中國原鄉、臺灣與東南亞以至世界各地都有客家人，但是各地的客家文化因為接觸不同的族群、實踐不同的習俗、遵循不同的體制，有著因地而宜的變異，呈現截然不同的發展樣貌，而客家先民們將原鄉文化帶到移居地，並發展出兼具原鄉與當地特色的客家文化。　　近年來海外客家研究蓬勃發展，然而針對歐洲客家研究之歐陸案例相對於世界其他區域卻鮮少許多，探討法國客家的研究更是十分缺乏，也欠缺一些關於基本面向的研究資料可以做為瞭解法國客家的基礎。此外，透過其他區域的客家研究發現，會館組織是研究與瞭解海外客家人與華人組織化活動的重要線索。因此，透過海外客家社團來研究海外客家的途徑有其重要性。基於上述，本研究鎖定法國本土為研究主題範圍，以當地的客家組織「法國崇正總會」與「法國臺灣客家會」以及其成員作為主要研究對象，並輔以已移居到當地但並未參加社團的客家人當作資料的補充，以致全面性地討論法國客家文化與法國客家人。本研究藉由文獻分析法、參與觀察法，以及深度訪談法，對法國客家社團進行田野調查、訪談與觀察，描繪法國客家如何再現族群文化與認同軌跡，並指出法國客家想像面臨的困境與威脅，進而探討族群相關理論與議題。 ;For centuries, Hakka people have migrated to other places for better living conditions. From their indigenous region, China, Hakkas have carried out many large-scale migrations. Nowadays, there are Hakkas in China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and even all over the world. However, the Hakka culture in various places has local variations due to contact with different ethnic groups, practicing different customs, and following different systems. The Hakka ancestors brought the original culture to the places of migration and developed a Hakka culture with both original and local characteristics. 　　Overseas Hakka research has developed tremendously in recent years. However, research on the Hakka diaspora in Europe is still limited compared to other regions. Research on Hakkas in France has been particularly scarce and literature on the topic almost nonexistent. In addition, research on Hakkas in other regions has shown that looking specifically at Hakka associations can enable us to know more about the activities organized by the community. Based on these findings, this study focuses on France as the research subject area, taking the local Hakka associations "France Chongzheng Association" and "France Taiwan Hakka Association" and their members as the main research subjects, as well as those who have immigrated to the local area but have not participated. In addition, research on the Hakka minority in the world has also been conducted to provide a comprehensive discussion of French Hakka culture and people. This study uses document analysis, participant observation, and in-depth interview methods including field surveys, in-person and online interviews with the French Hakka community, to understand how French Hakkas reproduce ethnic culture and identity trajectories. It also points out some of the potential challenges faced by Hakkas in France and then explores ethnic-related theories and issues.

客家知識體系與學生客家認同：以中央大學客家學院為例;The Hakka Knowledge System and Students’ Hakka Identity: The Example of Hakka College of National Central University

title: 客家知識體系與學生客家認同：以中央大學客家學院為例;The Hakka Knowledge System and Students’ Hakka Identity: The Example of Hakka College of National Central University abstract: 臺灣客家運動，以《客家風雲雜誌》發行和「還我母語大遊行」為核心，使客家議題公共化，直到2001年有了客家委員會的成立，象徵客家事務已屬於制度化運作的範疇，隨後2003年客家電視台開台，同年，在客家委員會補助客家知識體系計畫前身「大學校院發展客家學術機構作業要點」的推動下，有了客家學院的產生。客家知識體系大致能分為客家學術機構設立、客家研究與客家人才培育三大部分，運作方式以客家學術機構為中心，來推動客家研究及客家人才培育。而本論文欲探討客家學術機構中人才培育部分，在培育過程中，究竟什麼是影響其族群認同的重要因素？以及客家政策對於其中的年輕學子之客家意識，是否有助益？本論文以新制度主義、族群理論及同儕影響的概念，運用制度與行為間的互動，來探討客家知識體系下年輕學子所產生的族群認同，將運用質化的研究方法，先利用文獻分析法梳理現今客家知識體系的制度安排與實作，接著再透過深度訪談法來驗證該政策對客家學院學生族群認同和行為的影響。研究發現雖形成族群認同的因素相當多元，但「血緣」仍是決定認同的關鍵，且同儕間的互動交流會強化自身原來的認同，而若對族群有制定「福利」措施，對該族群認同的提升很有幫助。而研究個案—中央大學客家學院所制定之獎勵辦法及提供的資源管道皆受到學生肯定，最後也針對研究結果提出課程、國際交流和就業部分提出建議。;The Hakka Movement in Taiwan centered around the publication of "Hakka Affairs Monthly" and the "Restore My Mother Tongue Parade", has brought the Hakka issues into the public domain. This movement continued until the establishment of the Hakka Affairs Council in 2001, symbolizing the institutionalization of Hakka affairs. In 2003, the Hakka TV station was launched, and in the same year, under the impetus of the precursor to the Hakka Knowledge System project, "Guidelines for the Development of Hakka Academic Institutions in Universities and Colleges," the Hakka Academy was established. The Hakka Knowledge System can be broadly divided into three main parts: the establishment of Hakka academic institutions, Hakka research, and the cultivation of Hakka talents. The operation revolves around the Hakka academic institutions, which drive Hakka research and the nurturing of Hakka talents. This thesis aims to explore the cultivation of talents within Hakka academic institutions. During the cultivation process, what are the crucial factors influencing ethnic identity? Additionally, does the Hakka policy contribute to the Hakka consciousness of young students within this context? This thesis employs concepts from New Institutionalism, Ethnicity Theory, and Peer Influence to explore the ethnic identity of young students within the Hakka Knowledge System through the interaction between institutions and behavior. Qualitative research methods will be utilized, starting with a literature analysis to outline the institutional arrangements and implementation of the current Hakka Knowledge System. Subsequently, in-depth interviews will be conducted to validate the impact of this policy on the ethnic identity and behavior of students in Hakka academies. The research findings indicate that while there are diverse factors contributing to the formation of ethnic identity, "ancestry" remains a crucial determinant of identity. Peer interactions and exchanges further reinforce one′s original sense of identity. Moreover, implementing "welfare" measures specific to an ethnic group can significantly enhance its sense of identity. In the case study of the Hakka Academy at National Central University, the established incentive mechanisms and provided resource channels have been positively acknowledged by students. To sum up, recommendations are also made regarding curriculum, international exchanges, and employment based on the research findings.