DSpace collection: 博碩士論文

潛望鏡式九倍變焦手機鏡頭設計

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 10:26:52 GMT

title: 潛望鏡式九倍變焦手機鏡頭設計 abstract: 隨著智慧型手機普及與長焦攝影需求提升，如何在有限的機身厚度條件下實現高倍率光學變焦，已成為行動裝置鏡頭設計中的關鍵課題。為兼顧高倍率變焦能力與模組微型化需求，本研究提出一套適用於智慧型手機之潛望式九倍(9×)光學變焦鏡頭設計。考量行動裝置輕薄化趨勢，本論文設計之光學系統最大有效口徑尺寸，並限制於厚度 5 mm 以內作為設計條件。透過潛望式變焦鏡頭架構，並選用五百萬畫素(5MP)、長寬比為 16:9 之影像感測器以降低像高需求，進而減少鏡頭模組於機身厚度方向之尺寸限制。光學系統設計依據上述條件，透過 CODE V 光學模擬軟體完成變焦鏡頭設計與最佳化。最終設計之有效焦距範圍為 3.005–27.045 mm，對應全視場角為 58°–7.048°，入瞳口徑範圍為 0.939–3.005 mm，F/# 介於 3.2–9.0。結果顯示，在各變焦位置下，鏡頭深度可控制於 5 mm 以內，且成像品質符合調制轉移函數、光學畸變與相對照度之設計需求。本研究證實，在嚴格的機構限制下，透過潛望式光學架構與感測器規格之合理配置，可實現具備良好成像品質之九倍光學變焦鏡頭系統，驗證其於超薄型手機及行動裝置應用之可行性。 ;With the widespread adoption of smartphones and the growing demand for telephoto photography, achieving high-magnification optical zoom within the limited thickness of a handset has become a key challenge in mobile camera lens design. To satisfy both high zoom capability and module miniaturization, this study proposes a periscope-type 9× optical zoom lens design for smartphones. To address the ongoing trend toward slimmer mobile devices, the proposed optical system constrains the maximum effective aperture size (system depth) to within 5 mm as a primary design condition. By adopting a periscope-type zoom architecture and selecting a 5-megapixel (5MP) image sensor with a 16:9 aspect ratio to reduce the required image height, the module size along the handset thickness direction is further minimized. Based on these conditions, the zoom lens was designed and optimized using the CODE V optical simulation software. The final design achieves an effective focal length (EFL) range of 3.005–27.045 mm, corresponding to a full field of view (FOV) of 58°–7.048°. The entrance pupil diameter ranges from 0.939 to 3.005 mm, and the F-number (F/#) varies from 3.2 to 9.0. The results indicate that, across all zoom positions, the lens depth can be maintained within 5 mm, while the imaging performance meets the design requirements in modulation transfer function (MTF), optical distortion, and relative illumination. This study demonstrates that, under stringent mechanical constraints, a 9× optical zoom lens system with favorable imaging quality can be realized through a periscope optical architecture and a well-justified selection of sensor specifications, thereby validating its feasibility for ultra-slim smartphones and mobile device applications.

光達1550nm光學濾光膜設計研究;esearch on the Design of Optical Interference Filters for 1550 nm LiDAR Systems

Fri, 17 Oct 2025 03:41:45 GMT

title: 光達1550nm光學濾光膜設計研究;esearch on the Design of Optical Interference Filters for 1550 nm LiDAR Systems abstract: 隨著自動駕駛（ADAS）、無人機、智慧交通與三維地形建模等應用迅速發展，光達（LiDAR, Light Detection and Ranging）技術成為實現高精度空間感測與物體辨識的重要工具。LiDAR系統透過發射與接收光束，並量測反射時間以推算目標距離與位置，具備高解析度與非接觸式量測的特性。而由於成本考量以及開發成熟性，現階段商用 LiDAR的系統以 905 nm 波段為主，但其在安全性與抗干擾性等方面逐漸展現出瓶頸。相較之下，1550 nm 波段具有更高的人眼安全值、更強的抗干擾能力與大氣穿透性，此優勢成為未來高性能 LiDAR 系統的發展重點。提起1550nm LiDAR技術，大家的第一反應是，跟905nm相比，1550nm最明顯的優勢是可在確保人眼安全的前提下以更高的發光功率工作，因而可實現更長的探測距離，1550nm更成為高性能感測系統重點波段。然而，為了降低背景雜光干擾並提升系統訊噪比（SNR），設計一組高效能的窄帶通濾光片成為關鍵技術。本研究針對1550nm波段光學濾光膜設計，探討以氫化鍺（Ge:H）與氫化矽（Si:H）作為高折射率材料的應用，並與傳統材料（如TiO₂、Ta₂O₅）比較。本論文以廣角度（0–30°）、偏振平均條件為設計基礎，模擬並分析兩種材料的光學表現，並比較其優劣差異。 ;With the rapid development of applications such as autonomous driving, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), intelligent transportation systems, and 3D terrain modeling, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology has emerged as a critical tool for achieving high-precision spatial sensing and object recognition. LiDAR systems operate by emitting and receiving light beams, and determining the distance and position of targets through time-of-flight measurements. These systems are characterized by high resolution and non-contact measurement capabilities. Due to considerations of cost and technological maturity, most current commercial LiDAR systems operate at the 905 nm wavelength. However, limitations in eye safety and interference resistance have gradually become apparent at this wavelength. In contrast, the 1550 nm wavelength offers several advantages, including a higher permissible exposure limit for human eye safety, stronger resistance to interference, and better atmospheric transmittance, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of high-performance LiDAR systems. Among the most notable advantages of 1550 nm LiDAR technology is its ability to operate at higher emission powers while ensuring eye safety, thus enabling longer detection ranges. As a result, 1550 nm has become a key wavelength for advanced sensing systems. Nevertheless, LiDAR systems operating at 1550 nm also face challenges such as background light interference and insufficient optical filtering efficiency at the receiver end. In near-infrared optical applications, the 1550 nm band is gradually being adopted in fields such as fiber-optic communications, LiDAR, and automotive sensing systems. This study aims to design a high-performance narrowband optical filter for the 1550 nm wavelength and compares the optical properties and design advantages of two commonly used high-refractive-index materials: hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) and hydrogenated germanium (Ge:H). The goal is to achieve optimal optical performance at 1550 nm to meet the stringent requ irements of automotive applications.

Optical Characterization of Nanofilms and Metalenses via Ellipsometry

Fri, 17 Oct 2025 03:41:31 GMT

title: Optical Characterization of Nanofilms and Metalenses via Ellipsometry abstract: 本研究建立了一套整合橢圓偏振量測、Tauc–Lorentz 色散模型與嚴格耦合波分析法（RCWA）的完整工作流程，旨在全面性地表徵非晶矽薄膜以及奈米級週期性光柵結構。我們首先運用 Tauc–Lorentz 色散模型擬合非晶矽的橢圓偏振參數 Ψ 與 Δ 光譜，獲得最佳化的薄膜厚度（62.64 nm）與入射角度（60.52°）。所提取的介電常數進一步透過 Kramers–Kronig 關係驗證其物理自洽性。接著，利用 RETICOLO, 一套使用在 MATLAB 的 RCWA 求解器，我們系統性探討 60°–70° 入射角範圍、佔空比（0.3–0.7）、蝕刻深度（91–111 nm）以及光柵週期（726 nm 與 1033 nm）對 TE/TM 反射率以及橢圓偏振參數 Ψ 與 Δ 在 250–1200 nm 波段與內的影響。模擬結果與實驗數據展現出極佳的一致性，顯示在布魯斯特角附近 TM 波顯著抑制。最後，我們提出一套適用於先穎透鏡量測的多點、多角度量測策略：選擇 AOI = 60° 作為穩定的基線，以及 AOI = 70° 作為敏感檢測奈米級非均勻性的量測條件。此方法能為薄膜與奈米結構元件提供穩健的線上製程監控，並加速光柵與先穎透鏡的設計優化。;This work develops an integrated workflow combining spectroscopic ellipsometry, the Tauc–Lorentz dispersion model, and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) to comprehensively characterize amorphous silicon thin films and nanoscale periodic grating structures. We first employ the Tauc–Lorentz formalism to fit ellipsometric Ψ and Δ spectra of amorphous silicon, achieving optimized film thickness (62.64 nm) and incidence angle (60.52 ° ). Physical self ‐ consistency of the extracted refractive index and extinction coefficient is confirmed via Kramers–Kronig relations. Next, using the RETICOLO RCWA solver, we systematically investigate the influence of 60°–70° AOI, duty cycle (0.3– 0.7), etch depth (91–111 nm), and grating period (726 nm vs. 1033 nm) on TE/TM reflectance and ellipsometric parameters across 250–1200 nm. Simulation and experimental data exhibit excellent agreement, revealing pronounced TM suppression at Brewster’s angle. Finally, we propose a multi‐point, multi‐angle measurement strategy for metalens metrology: AOI = 60° for a stable baseline and AOI = 70° for sensitive detection of nanoscale nonuniformities. This methodology offers robust in‐line process monitoring for thin ‐ film and nanostructured photonic devices and accelerates design optimization of gratings and metalenses.

以FPGA實現之紅藍光PWM控制與光學密碼辨識系統;An FPGA-Based System for Red and Blue Light PWM Control and Optical Password Recognition

Fri, 17 Oct 2025 03:41:11 GMT

title: 以FPGA實現之紅藍光PWM控制與光學密碼辨識系統;An FPGA-Based System for Red and Blue Light PWM Control and Optical Password Recognition abstract: 本研究旨在利用光的RGB成分，我們設計與實作一套基於FPGA平台的紅藍雙色光控制與光學密碼辨識系統，結合可調式 PWM 輸出與 RGB 感測技術，透過調控紅光與藍光LED的PWM輸入值與空間配置，產生特定的光輸出，並由TCS34725光感測模組量測LED發出的RGB值，作為辨識依據。系統由Xilinx Arty S7-25開發板與MicroBlaze處理器實作，使用UART進行外部數據通訊，並結合Python與Tkinter建立圖形化介面以進行密碼校正、記錄與送出等功能。實驗中，我們先校正環境光，接著在Tkinter GUI中輸入不同紅藍密碼組合，記錄下所對應到的RGB感測值當成我們的密碼。實驗結果證明此系統在不同組合的紅藍光密碼輸入時，感測值之間仍具有足夠的分離度，幾乎不會產生重複的RGB組合，證明了感測值具備良好的唯一性與硬體差異性。接著我們驗證了LED與感測器在不同距離下(1cm~6cm)的 RGB 感測值都有極高的準確率(>97%)。在穩定性方面也有優異的表現，呈現極小的變異係數(<0.6%)。解析度方面隨著LED距離感測器由近到遠遞減，但仍保持良好的解析度。解鎖成功率在其容忍範圍內達到了100%的解鎖率，展現其系統的精確性。搭配藍芽可以同時使用電腦與手機監控 RGB 感測值變化，提升應用的靈活性與遠端監控能力。綜合而言，本系統不僅驗證PWM控制與感測輸出關係，亦提供一種結合空間配置與光學成分的密碼辨識方式。 ;This study aims to utilize the RGB components of light by designing and implementing an FPGA-based dual-color (red and blue) light control and optical password recognition system. The system integrates adjustable PWM output with RGB sensing technology. By modulating the PWM input values and spatial arrangement of the red and blue LEDs, specific light outputs are generated and measured by the TCS34725 RGB sensor module for authentication. The hardware uses a Xilinx Arty S7-25 development board with a MicroBlaze processor, and UART is employed for external data communication. Additionally, a Python-based GUI using Tkinter facilitates password calibration, recording, and input functions. In the experiments, we first calibrated ambient light, then input various red-blue password combinations through the GUI and recorded the corresponding RGB sensor values as passwords. Results demonstrate that the RGB readings under different combinations maintain clear separation with virtually no duplicates, proving excellent uniqueness and hardware variability. Tests showed RGB sensing accuracy remains high (>97%) across LED-to-sensor distances (1cm to 6 cm). The system also exhibits outstanding stability with a very low coefficient of variation (<0.6%). Although resolution decreases with distance, precision remains good. Within the set tolerance, a 100% unlocking success rate was achieved, showcasing system accuracy. With Bluetooth integration, computers and smartphones can monitor RGB variations simultaneously, enhancing flexibility and remote capability. In summary, this system not only verifies the relationship between PWM control and sensing output but also offers a password recognition method that combines spatial configuration with optical components.